Pediatric Migraines: A Comprehensive Review and Perspectives on Diagnosis and Treatment

Pediatric migraine (PM) is one of the most prevalent neurological disorders in children. It has numerous variants and the sufferers often present to emergency departments with a wide variety of signs and symptoms that make diagnosis difficult. The trend in diagnosing and managing PM cases remain suboptimal despite the comprehensive diagnostic criteria and various therapeutic options. In this review, we discuss PM, provide an approach to the diagnosis, and describe the various available management options. However, the diagnosis of migraine is based on history and physical examination; no specific diagnostic test is available. The main management aspects are acute pain relief, prevention, and identifying triggering factors.