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Circularly polarized differential intra-oral antenna design validation and characterization for tongue drive system
Assistive devices are becoming increasingly popular for physically disabled persons suffering tetraplegia and spinal cord injuries. Intraoral tongue drive system (iTDS) is one of the most feasible and non-invasive assistive technology (AT), which utilises the transferring and inferring of user inten...
Autores principales: | , , , , |
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
Publicado: |
Nature Publishing Group UK
2023
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Materias: | |
Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10279701/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/37336931 http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s41598-023-36717-w |
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author | Ahlawat, Sarita Kanaujia, Binod Kumar Rambabu, Karumudi Peter, Ildiko Matekovits, Ladislau |
author_facet | Ahlawat, Sarita Kanaujia, Binod Kumar Rambabu, Karumudi Peter, Ildiko Matekovits, Ladislau |
author_sort | Ahlawat, Sarita |
collection | PubMed |
description | Assistive devices are becoming increasingly popular for physically disabled persons suffering tetraplegia and spinal cord injuries. Intraoral tongue drive system (iTDS) is one of the most feasible and non-invasive assistive technology (AT), which utilises the transferring and inferring of user intentions through different tongue gestures. Wireless transferring is of prime importance and requires a suitable design of the intra-oral antenna. In this paper, a compact circularly polarized differential intra-oral antenna is designed, and its performance is analysed within heterogeneous multilayer mouth and head models. It works at 2.4 GHz in the Industrial, Scientific, and Medical (ISM) band. The footprint of the differential antenna prototype is 0.271 λ(g) [Formula: see text] 0.271 λ(g) [Formula: see text] 0.015 λ(g). It is achieved using two pairs of spiral segments loaded in diagonal form near the edges of the central rotated square slot and a high dielectric constant substrate. Its spiral-slotted geometry further provides the desired swirling and miniaturization at the desired frequency band for both mouth scenarios. Additionally, corner triangular slits on the radiating patch assist in tuning the axial ratio (< 3 dB) in the desired ISM band. To validate the performance of the proposed in-mouth antenna, the measurement was carried out using the minced pork and the saline solution for closed and opened mouth cases, respectively. The measured − 10 dB impedance bandwidth and peak gain values in the minced pork are from 2.28 to 2.53 GHz (10.39%) and − 18.17 dBi, respectively, and in the saline solution, are from 2.3 to 2.54 GHz (9.92%) and − 15.47 dBi, respectively. Further, the specific absorption rate (SAR) is estimated, and the data communication link is computed with and without a balun loss. This confirms that the proposed differential intraoral antenna can establish direct interfacing at the RF front end of the intraoral tongue drive system. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-10279701 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2023 |
publisher | Nature Publishing Group UK |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-102797012023-06-21 Circularly polarized differential intra-oral antenna design validation and characterization for tongue drive system Ahlawat, Sarita Kanaujia, Binod Kumar Rambabu, Karumudi Peter, Ildiko Matekovits, Ladislau Sci Rep Article Assistive devices are becoming increasingly popular for physically disabled persons suffering tetraplegia and spinal cord injuries. Intraoral tongue drive system (iTDS) is one of the most feasible and non-invasive assistive technology (AT), which utilises the transferring and inferring of user intentions through different tongue gestures. Wireless transferring is of prime importance and requires a suitable design of the intra-oral antenna. In this paper, a compact circularly polarized differential intra-oral antenna is designed, and its performance is analysed within heterogeneous multilayer mouth and head models. It works at 2.4 GHz in the Industrial, Scientific, and Medical (ISM) band. The footprint of the differential antenna prototype is 0.271 λ(g) [Formula: see text] 0.271 λ(g) [Formula: see text] 0.015 λ(g). It is achieved using two pairs of spiral segments loaded in diagonal form near the edges of the central rotated square slot and a high dielectric constant substrate. Its spiral-slotted geometry further provides the desired swirling and miniaturization at the desired frequency band for both mouth scenarios. Additionally, corner triangular slits on the radiating patch assist in tuning the axial ratio (< 3 dB) in the desired ISM band. To validate the performance of the proposed in-mouth antenna, the measurement was carried out using the minced pork and the saline solution for closed and opened mouth cases, respectively. The measured − 10 dB impedance bandwidth and peak gain values in the minced pork are from 2.28 to 2.53 GHz (10.39%) and − 18.17 dBi, respectively, and in the saline solution, are from 2.3 to 2.54 GHz (9.92%) and − 15.47 dBi, respectively. Further, the specific absorption rate (SAR) is estimated, and the data communication link is computed with and without a balun loss. This confirms that the proposed differential intraoral antenna can establish direct interfacing at the RF front end of the intraoral tongue drive system. Nature Publishing Group UK 2023-06-19 /pmc/articles/PMC10279701/ /pubmed/37336931 http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s41598-023-36717-w Text en © The Author(s) 2023 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article's Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article's Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this licence, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/) . |
spellingShingle | Article Ahlawat, Sarita Kanaujia, Binod Kumar Rambabu, Karumudi Peter, Ildiko Matekovits, Ladislau Circularly polarized differential intra-oral antenna design validation and characterization for tongue drive system |
title | Circularly polarized differential intra-oral antenna design validation and characterization for tongue drive system |
title_full | Circularly polarized differential intra-oral antenna design validation and characterization for tongue drive system |
title_fullStr | Circularly polarized differential intra-oral antenna design validation and characterization for tongue drive system |
title_full_unstemmed | Circularly polarized differential intra-oral antenna design validation and characterization for tongue drive system |
title_short | Circularly polarized differential intra-oral antenna design validation and characterization for tongue drive system |
title_sort | circularly polarized differential intra-oral antenna design validation and characterization for tongue drive system |
topic | Article |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10279701/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/37336931 http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s41598-023-36717-w |
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