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The Integration of Traditional Medicine with Conventional Biomedicine: A Narrative Review of the Japanese Perspective

OBJECTIVES: This is a narrative review of the integration of traditional medicine with conventional biomedicine in present day Japan, whose aging population is considered one of the largest globally. DESIGN: It is focused on the aging population because this age group most avails of healthcare. We a...

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Autores principales: Yoshino, Tetsuhiro, Kashio, Akihiko, Terasawa, Yoshihiro, Hachiki, Marina, Yoshinaga, Ryo, Arita, Ryutaro
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: Mary Ann Liebert, Inc., publishers 2023
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10280171/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/36961400
http://dx.doi.org/10.1089/jicm.2022.0643
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author Yoshino, Tetsuhiro
Kashio, Akihiko
Terasawa, Yoshihiro
Hachiki, Marina
Yoshinaga, Ryo
Arita, Ryutaro
author_facet Yoshino, Tetsuhiro
Kashio, Akihiko
Terasawa, Yoshihiro
Hachiki, Marina
Yoshinaga, Ryo
Arita, Ryutaro
author_sort Yoshino, Tetsuhiro
collection PubMed
description OBJECTIVES: This is a narrative review of the integration of traditional medicine with conventional biomedicine in present day Japan, whose aging population is considered one of the largest globally. DESIGN: It is focused on the aging population because this age group most avails of healthcare. We also tried to describe the unique Japanese medical situations, clinical outcome of Japanese traditional medicine (Kampo medicine) which may include acupuncture, and education of Kampo medicine workforce. RESULTS: Conventional schools of medicine in Japan are required to teach Kampo medicine, and most Japanese physicians (>80%) prescribe traditional medicine, especially in primary care settings. The universal national healthcare system covers Kampo medicine prescribed by physicians and treatment by acupuncturists (they sometimes refer patients who may need evaluation by physicians), enhancing access to primary healthcare. Additionally, pharmacists who graduated from conventional schools of pharmacy also select and sell Kampo medicine as over-the-counter (OTC) medication. Kampo medicine available as prescription drugs and OTC is effective, and has been proven to be economically beneficial in several clinical settings. CONCLUSIONS: An aging population is a global concern for both developed and developing countries. Japan, having a significantly-large aging population, integrates conventional biomedicine and traditional medicine in its universal national healthcare coverage, through its biomedically-trained physicians and pharmacists who also learned traditional medicine, as well as the acupuncturists. By reviewing the current situation in Japan, the authors hope to introduce the future of the global contribution of traditional, complementary, and integrative medicine in primary care.
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spelling pubmed-102801712023-06-21 The Integration of Traditional Medicine with Conventional Biomedicine: A Narrative Review of the Japanese Perspective Yoshino, Tetsuhiro Kashio, Akihiko Terasawa, Yoshihiro Hachiki, Marina Yoshinaga, Ryo Arita, Ryutaro J Integr Complement Med Knowledge and Capacity Building OBJECTIVES: This is a narrative review of the integration of traditional medicine with conventional biomedicine in present day Japan, whose aging population is considered one of the largest globally. DESIGN: It is focused on the aging population because this age group most avails of healthcare. We also tried to describe the unique Japanese medical situations, clinical outcome of Japanese traditional medicine (Kampo medicine) which may include acupuncture, and education of Kampo medicine workforce. RESULTS: Conventional schools of medicine in Japan are required to teach Kampo medicine, and most Japanese physicians (>80%) prescribe traditional medicine, especially in primary care settings. The universal national healthcare system covers Kampo medicine prescribed by physicians and treatment by acupuncturists (they sometimes refer patients who may need evaluation by physicians), enhancing access to primary healthcare. Additionally, pharmacists who graduated from conventional schools of pharmacy also select and sell Kampo medicine as over-the-counter (OTC) medication. Kampo medicine available as prescription drugs and OTC is effective, and has been proven to be economically beneficial in several clinical settings. CONCLUSIONS: An aging population is a global concern for both developed and developing countries. Japan, having a significantly-large aging population, integrates conventional biomedicine and traditional medicine in its universal national healthcare coverage, through its biomedically-trained physicians and pharmacists who also learned traditional medicine, as well as the acupuncturists. By reviewing the current situation in Japan, the authors hope to introduce the future of the global contribution of traditional, complementary, and integrative medicine in primary care. Mary Ann Liebert, Inc., publishers 2023-07-01 2023-06-06 /pmc/articles/PMC10280171/ /pubmed/36961400 http://dx.doi.org/10.1089/jicm.2022.0643 Text en © Tetsuhiro Yoshino et al., 2023; Published by Mary Ann Liebert, Inc. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/This Open Access article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons License [CC-BY] (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0 (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/) ), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
spellingShingle Knowledge and Capacity Building
Yoshino, Tetsuhiro
Kashio, Akihiko
Terasawa, Yoshihiro
Hachiki, Marina
Yoshinaga, Ryo
Arita, Ryutaro
The Integration of Traditional Medicine with Conventional Biomedicine: A Narrative Review of the Japanese Perspective
title The Integration of Traditional Medicine with Conventional Biomedicine: A Narrative Review of the Japanese Perspective
title_full The Integration of Traditional Medicine with Conventional Biomedicine: A Narrative Review of the Japanese Perspective
title_fullStr The Integration of Traditional Medicine with Conventional Biomedicine: A Narrative Review of the Japanese Perspective
title_full_unstemmed The Integration of Traditional Medicine with Conventional Biomedicine: A Narrative Review of the Japanese Perspective
title_short The Integration of Traditional Medicine with Conventional Biomedicine: A Narrative Review of the Japanese Perspective
title_sort integration of traditional medicine with conventional biomedicine: a narrative review of the japanese perspective
topic Knowledge and Capacity Building
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10280171/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/36961400
http://dx.doi.org/10.1089/jicm.2022.0643
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