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Efectos del sobrepeso y la obesidad en las funciones cognitivas de niños y adolescentes

INTRODUCTION. Recent findings suggest that overweight and obesity in children and adolescents affect cognitive processes and can alter school learning. The so-called executive functions, such as response inhibition capacity, impulsivity control, cognitive flexibility, planning, and decision making,...

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Autor principal: Martí-Nicolovius, Margarita
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: Viguera Editores (Evidenze Group) 2022
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10280776/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/35879881
http://dx.doi.org/10.33588/rn.7503.2022173
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author Martí-Nicolovius, Margarita
author_facet Martí-Nicolovius, Margarita
author_sort Martí-Nicolovius, Margarita
collection PubMed
description INTRODUCTION. Recent findings suggest that overweight and obesity in children and adolescents affect cognitive processes and can alter school learning. The so-called executive functions, such as response inhibition capacity, impulsivity control, cognitive flexibility, planning, and decision making, have been inversely related to body mass index. AIM. This work aims to examine the neurobiological and psychological hypothesis that explain why overweight, and obesity alter the cognitive functions of children and adolescents. DEVELOPMENT. Diets rich in fats and sugars can cause hyperinsulinemia, dyslipidemia, hypertension, augmented abdominal adipose tissue and resistance to insulin and leptin. These metabolic alterations induce a peripheral systemic inflammatory process that can affect the blood-brain barrier and the brain functioning of regions linked to attention and learning and memory processes. Some metabolic disorders of the pregnant mother, obesity during pregnancy and pre- and postnatal traumatic experiences can trigger changes in the control of food intake in children and adolescents and induce overweight in critical stages of their development. Obesity affects the functioning of the hippocampus and produces a decrease in the prefrontal cortex gray matter, thereby modifying cognitive abilities, especially executive functions. CONCLUSIONS. Overweight and obesity in childhood and adolescence are a risk factor not only for general health but also for proper brain development and cognitive functions and can therefore lead to school failure.
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spelling pubmed-102807762023-06-21 Efectos del sobrepeso y la obesidad en las funciones cognitivas de niños y adolescentes Martí-Nicolovius, Margarita Rev Neurol Revisión INTRODUCTION. Recent findings suggest that overweight and obesity in children and adolescents affect cognitive processes and can alter school learning. The so-called executive functions, such as response inhibition capacity, impulsivity control, cognitive flexibility, planning, and decision making, have been inversely related to body mass index. AIM. This work aims to examine the neurobiological and psychological hypothesis that explain why overweight, and obesity alter the cognitive functions of children and adolescents. DEVELOPMENT. Diets rich in fats and sugars can cause hyperinsulinemia, dyslipidemia, hypertension, augmented abdominal adipose tissue and resistance to insulin and leptin. These metabolic alterations induce a peripheral systemic inflammatory process that can affect the blood-brain barrier and the brain functioning of regions linked to attention and learning and memory processes. Some metabolic disorders of the pregnant mother, obesity during pregnancy and pre- and postnatal traumatic experiences can trigger changes in the control of food intake in children and adolescents and induce overweight in critical stages of their development. Obesity affects the functioning of the hippocampus and produces a decrease in the prefrontal cortex gray matter, thereby modifying cognitive abilities, especially executive functions. CONCLUSIONS. Overweight and obesity in childhood and adolescence are a risk factor not only for general health but also for proper brain development and cognitive functions and can therefore lead to school failure. Viguera Editores (Evidenze Group) 2022-08-01 /pmc/articles/PMC10280776/ /pubmed/35879881 http://dx.doi.org/10.33588/rn.7503.2022173 Text en Copyright: © Revista de Neurología https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/Revista de Neurología trabaja bajo una licencia Creative Commons
spellingShingle Revisión
Martí-Nicolovius, Margarita
Efectos del sobrepeso y la obesidad en las funciones cognitivas de niños y adolescentes
title Efectos del sobrepeso y la obesidad en las funciones cognitivas de niños y adolescentes
title_full Efectos del sobrepeso y la obesidad en las funciones cognitivas de niños y adolescentes
title_fullStr Efectos del sobrepeso y la obesidad en las funciones cognitivas de niños y adolescentes
title_full_unstemmed Efectos del sobrepeso y la obesidad en las funciones cognitivas de niños y adolescentes
title_short Efectos del sobrepeso y la obesidad en las funciones cognitivas de niños y adolescentes
title_sort efectos del sobrepeso y la obesidad en las funciones cognitivas de niños y adolescentes
topic Revisión
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10280776/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/35879881
http://dx.doi.org/10.33588/rn.7503.2022173
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