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Differences in airborne stability of SARS-CoV-2 variants of concern is impacted by alkalinity of surrogates of respiratory aerosol

The mechanistic factors hypothesized to be key drivers for the loss of infectivity of viruses in the aerosol phase often remain speculative. Using a next-generation bioaerosol technology, we report measurements of the aero-stability of several SARS-CoV-2 variants of concern in aerosol droplets of we...

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Autores principales: Haddrell, Allen, Otero-Fernandez, Mara, Oswin, Henry, Cogan, Tristan, Bazire, James, Tian, Jianghan, Alexander, Robert, Mann, Jamie F. S., Hill, Darryl, Finn, Adam, Davidson, Andrew D., Reid, Jonathan P.
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: The Royal Society 2023
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10282576/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/37340783
http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rsif.2023.0062
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author Haddrell, Allen
Otero-Fernandez, Mara
Oswin, Henry
Cogan, Tristan
Bazire, James
Tian, Jianghan
Alexander, Robert
Mann, Jamie F. S.
Hill, Darryl
Finn, Adam
Davidson, Andrew D.
Reid, Jonathan P.
author_facet Haddrell, Allen
Otero-Fernandez, Mara
Oswin, Henry
Cogan, Tristan
Bazire, James
Tian, Jianghan
Alexander, Robert
Mann, Jamie F. S.
Hill, Darryl
Finn, Adam
Davidson, Andrew D.
Reid, Jonathan P.
author_sort Haddrell, Allen
collection PubMed
description The mechanistic factors hypothesized to be key drivers for the loss of infectivity of viruses in the aerosol phase often remain speculative. Using a next-generation bioaerosol technology, we report measurements of the aero-stability of several SARS-CoV-2 variants of concern in aerosol droplets of well-defined size and composition at high (90%) and low (40%) relative humidity (RH) upwards of 40 min. When compared with the ancestral virus, the infectivity of the Delta variant displayed different decay profiles. At low RH, a loss of viral infectivity of approximately 55% was observed over the initial 5 s for both variants. Regardless of RH and variant, greater than 95% of the viral infectivity was lost after 40 min of being aerosolized. Aero-stability of the variants correlate with their sensitivities to alkaline pH. Removal of all acidic vapours dramatically increased the rate of infectivity decay, with 90% loss after 2 min, while the addition of nitric acid vapour improved aero-stability. Similar aero-stability in droplets of artificial saliva and growth medium was observed. A model to predict loss of viral infectivity is proposed: at high RH, the high pH of exhaled aerosol drives viral infectivity loss; at low RH, high salt content limits the loss of viral infectivity.
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spelling pubmed-102825762023-06-22 Differences in airborne stability of SARS-CoV-2 variants of concern is impacted by alkalinity of surrogates of respiratory aerosol Haddrell, Allen Otero-Fernandez, Mara Oswin, Henry Cogan, Tristan Bazire, James Tian, Jianghan Alexander, Robert Mann, Jamie F. S. Hill, Darryl Finn, Adam Davidson, Andrew D. Reid, Jonathan P. J R Soc Interface Life Sciences–Chemistry interface The mechanistic factors hypothesized to be key drivers for the loss of infectivity of viruses in the aerosol phase often remain speculative. Using a next-generation bioaerosol technology, we report measurements of the aero-stability of several SARS-CoV-2 variants of concern in aerosol droplets of well-defined size and composition at high (90%) and low (40%) relative humidity (RH) upwards of 40 min. When compared with the ancestral virus, the infectivity of the Delta variant displayed different decay profiles. At low RH, a loss of viral infectivity of approximately 55% was observed over the initial 5 s for both variants. Regardless of RH and variant, greater than 95% of the viral infectivity was lost after 40 min of being aerosolized. Aero-stability of the variants correlate with their sensitivities to alkaline pH. Removal of all acidic vapours dramatically increased the rate of infectivity decay, with 90% loss after 2 min, while the addition of nitric acid vapour improved aero-stability. Similar aero-stability in droplets of artificial saliva and growth medium was observed. A model to predict loss of viral infectivity is proposed: at high RH, the high pH of exhaled aerosol drives viral infectivity loss; at low RH, high salt content limits the loss of viral infectivity. The Royal Society 2023-06-21 /pmc/articles/PMC10282576/ /pubmed/37340783 http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rsif.2023.0062 Text en © 2023 The Authors. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/Published by the Royal Society under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/) , which permits unrestricted use, provided the original author and source are credited.
spellingShingle Life Sciences–Chemistry interface
Haddrell, Allen
Otero-Fernandez, Mara
Oswin, Henry
Cogan, Tristan
Bazire, James
Tian, Jianghan
Alexander, Robert
Mann, Jamie F. S.
Hill, Darryl
Finn, Adam
Davidson, Andrew D.
Reid, Jonathan P.
Differences in airborne stability of SARS-CoV-2 variants of concern is impacted by alkalinity of surrogates of respiratory aerosol
title Differences in airborne stability of SARS-CoV-2 variants of concern is impacted by alkalinity of surrogates of respiratory aerosol
title_full Differences in airborne stability of SARS-CoV-2 variants of concern is impacted by alkalinity of surrogates of respiratory aerosol
title_fullStr Differences in airborne stability of SARS-CoV-2 variants of concern is impacted by alkalinity of surrogates of respiratory aerosol
title_full_unstemmed Differences in airborne stability of SARS-CoV-2 variants of concern is impacted by alkalinity of surrogates of respiratory aerosol
title_short Differences in airborne stability of SARS-CoV-2 variants of concern is impacted by alkalinity of surrogates of respiratory aerosol
title_sort differences in airborne stability of sars-cov-2 variants of concern is impacted by alkalinity of surrogates of respiratory aerosol
topic Life Sciences–Chemistry interface
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10282576/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/37340783
http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rsif.2023.0062
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