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Altered hair root gene expression profiles highlight calcium signaling and lipid metabolism pathways to be associated with curly hair initiation and maintenance in Mangalitza pigs

Hair types have been under strong targeted selection in domestic animals for their impact on skin protection, thermoregulation and exterior morphology, and subsequent economic importance. In pigs, a very special hair phenotype was observed in Mangalitza, who expresses a thick coat of curly bristles...

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Autores principales: Khaveh, Nadia, Schachler, Kathrin, Berghöfer, Jan, Jung, Klaus, Metzger, Julia
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: Frontiers Media S.A. 2023
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10282778/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/37351343
http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fgene.2023.1184015
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author Khaveh, Nadia
Schachler, Kathrin
Berghöfer, Jan
Jung, Klaus
Metzger, Julia
author_facet Khaveh, Nadia
Schachler, Kathrin
Berghöfer, Jan
Jung, Klaus
Metzger, Julia
author_sort Khaveh, Nadia
collection PubMed
description Hair types have been under strong targeted selection in domestic animals for their impact on skin protection, thermoregulation and exterior morphology, and subsequent economic importance. In pigs, a very special hair phenotype was observed in Mangalitza, who expresses a thick coat of curly bristles and downy hair. Two breed-specific missense variants in TRPM2 and CYP4F3 were suggested to be associated with the Mangalitza pig’s hair shape due to their role in hair follicle morphogenesis reported for human and mice. However, the mechanism behind this expression of a curly hair type is still unclear and needs to be explored. In our study, hair shafts were measured and investigated for the curvature of the hair in Mangalitza and crossbreeds in comparison to straight-coated pigs. For molecular studies, hair roots underwent RNA sequencing for a differential gene expression analysis using DESeq2. The output matrix of normalized counts was then used to construct weighted gene co-expression networks. The resulting hair root gene expression profiles highlighted 454 genes to be significantly differentially expressed for initiation of curly hair phenotype in newborn Mangalitza piglets versus post-initiation in later development. Furthermore, 2,554 genes showed a significant differential gene expression in curly hair in comparison to straight hair. Neither TRPM2 nor CYP4F3 were identified as differentially expressed. Incidence of the genes in weighted co-expression networks associated with TRPM2 and CYP4F3, and prominent interactions of subsequent proteins with lipids and calcium-related pathways suggested calcium signaling and/or lipid metabolism as essential players in the induction of the curly hair as well as an ionic calcium-dependency to be a prominent factor for the maintenance of this phenotype. Subsequently, our study highlights the complex interrelations and dependencies of mutant genes TRPM2 and CYP4F3 and associated gene expression patterns, allowing the initiation of curly hair type during the development of a piglet as well as the maintenance in adult individuals.
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spelling pubmed-102827782023-06-22 Altered hair root gene expression profiles highlight calcium signaling and lipid metabolism pathways to be associated with curly hair initiation and maintenance in Mangalitza pigs Khaveh, Nadia Schachler, Kathrin Berghöfer, Jan Jung, Klaus Metzger, Julia Front Genet Genetics Hair types have been under strong targeted selection in domestic animals for their impact on skin protection, thermoregulation and exterior morphology, and subsequent economic importance. In pigs, a very special hair phenotype was observed in Mangalitza, who expresses a thick coat of curly bristles and downy hair. Two breed-specific missense variants in TRPM2 and CYP4F3 were suggested to be associated with the Mangalitza pig’s hair shape due to their role in hair follicle morphogenesis reported for human and mice. However, the mechanism behind this expression of a curly hair type is still unclear and needs to be explored. In our study, hair shafts were measured and investigated for the curvature of the hair in Mangalitza and crossbreeds in comparison to straight-coated pigs. For molecular studies, hair roots underwent RNA sequencing for a differential gene expression analysis using DESeq2. The output matrix of normalized counts was then used to construct weighted gene co-expression networks. The resulting hair root gene expression profiles highlighted 454 genes to be significantly differentially expressed for initiation of curly hair phenotype in newborn Mangalitza piglets versus post-initiation in later development. Furthermore, 2,554 genes showed a significant differential gene expression in curly hair in comparison to straight hair. Neither TRPM2 nor CYP4F3 were identified as differentially expressed. Incidence of the genes in weighted co-expression networks associated with TRPM2 and CYP4F3, and prominent interactions of subsequent proteins with lipids and calcium-related pathways suggested calcium signaling and/or lipid metabolism as essential players in the induction of the curly hair as well as an ionic calcium-dependency to be a prominent factor for the maintenance of this phenotype. Subsequently, our study highlights the complex interrelations and dependencies of mutant genes TRPM2 and CYP4F3 and associated gene expression patterns, allowing the initiation of curly hair type during the development of a piglet as well as the maintenance in adult individuals. Frontiers Media S.A. 2023-06-07 /pmc/articles/PMC10282778/ /pubmed/37351343 http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fgene.2023.1184015 Text en Copyright © 2023 Khaveh, Schachler, Berghöfer, Jung and Metzger. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.
spellingShingle Genetics
Khaveh, Nadia
Schachler, Kathrin
Berghöfer, Jan
Jung, Klaus
Metzger, Julia
Altered hair root gene expression profiles highlight calcium signaling and lipid metabolism pathways to be associated with curly hair initiation and maintenance in Mangalitza pigs
title Altered hair root gene expression profiles highlight calcium signaling and lipid metabolism pathways to be associated with curly hair initiation and maintenance in Mangalitza pigs
title_full Altered hair root gene expression profiles highlight calcium signaling and lipid metabolism pathways to be associated with curly hair initiation and maintenance in Mangalitza pigs
title_fullStr Altered hair root gene expression profiles highlight calcium signaling and lipid metabolism pathways to be associated with curly hair initiation and maintenance in Mangalitza pigs
title_full_unstemmed Altered hair root gene expression profiles highlight calcium signaling and lipid metabolism pathways to be associated with curly hair initiation and maintenance in Mangalitza pigs
title_short Altered hair root gene expression profiles highlight calcium signaling and lipid metabolism pathways to be associated with curly hair initiation and maintenance in Mangalitza pigs
title_sort altered hair root gene expression profiles highlight calcium signaling and lipid metabolism pathways to be associated with curly hair initiation and maintenance in mangalitza pigs
topic Genetics
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10282778/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/37351343
http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fgene.2023.1184015
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