Decreased expression of H19/miR-675 ameliorates muscle atrophy by regulating the IGF1R/Akt/FoxO signaling pathway

BACKGROUND: Long non-coding RNA (lncRNA) H19 is one of the most highly expressed and conserved transcripts in mammalian development, and its functions have been fully discussed in many contexts including tumorigenesis and skeletal muscle development. However, its exact role in muscle atrophy remains largely unknown. This study investigated the effect of lncRNA H19 on muscle atrophy and the potential underlying mechanism. METHODS: Hindlimb suspension (HS) of C57BL/6 mice and starvation of C2C12 cells with PBS were conducted to induce atrophy. Real-time PCR and Western blotting were used to measure the expression of RNAs and proteins. LncRNA H19 and its encoded miR-675 were overexpressed or inhibited in different models of muscle atrophy. Immunofluorescence was carried out to examine the cross-sectional area (CSA) and minimal Feret’s diameter (MFD) of myofibers and myotube diameter. RESULTS: The expression levels of lncRNA H19 and miR-675 were significantly reduced in both the soleus and gastrocnemius muscles in response to HS. Overexpression of lncRNA H19 led to an increase in Atrogin-1 mRNA expression, and this effect was reversed by inhibiting miR-675. The overexpression of miR-675 aggravated both HS- and starving-induced muscle atrophy by inhibiting the IGF1R/Akt signaling pathway and promoting FoxO/Atrogin-1 expression. Conversely, miR-675 inhibition had the opposite effects. CONCLUSION: The lncRNA H19/miR-675 axis can induce muscle atrophy, and its downregulation in mice with HS-induced muscle atrophy may act as a protective mechanism against this condition. SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION: The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s10020-023-00683-w.