Tau-targeting antisense oligonucleotide MAPT(Rx) in mild Alzheimer’s disease: a phase 1b, randomized, placebo-controlled trial

Tau plays a key role in Alzheimer’s disease (AD) pathophysiology, and accumulating evidence suggests that lowering tau may reduce this pathology. We sought to inhibit MAPT expression with a tau-targeting antisense oligonucleotide (MAPT(Rx)) and reduce tau levels in patients with mild AD. A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, multiple-ascending dose phase 1b trial evaluated the safety, pharmacokinetics and target engagement of MAPT(Rx). Four ascending dose cohorts were enrolled sequentially and randomized 3:1 to intrathecal bolus administrations of MAPT(Rx) or placebo every 4 or 12 weeks during the 13-week treatment period, followed by a 23 week post-treatment period. The primary endpoint was safety. The secondary endpoint was MAPT(Rx) pharmacokinetics in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF). The prespecified key exploratory outcome was CSF total-tau protein concentration. Forty-six patients enrolled in the trial, of whom 34 were randomized to MAPT(Rx) and 12 to placebo. Adverse events were reported in 94% of MAPT(Rx)-treated patients and 75% of placebo-treated patients; all were mild or moderate. No serious adverse events were reported in MAPT(Rx)-treated patients. Dose-dependent reduction in the CSF total-tau concentration was observed with greater than 50% mean reduction from baseline at 24 weeks post-last dose in the 60 mg (four doses) and 115 mg (two doses) MAPT(Rx) groups. Clinicaltrials.gov registration number: NCT03186989.