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Epidemiology of SARS-CoV-2 transmission and superspreading in Salt Lake County, Utah, March–May 2020

BACKGROUND: Understanding the drivers of SARS-CoV-2 transmission can inform the development of interventions. We evaluated transmission identified by contact tracing investigations between March–May 2020 in Salt Lake County, Utah, to quantify the impact of this intervention and identify risk factors...

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Autores principales: Walker, Joseph, Tran, Tiffany, Lappe, Brooke, Gastanaduy, Paul, Paul, Prabasaj, Kracalik, Ian T., Fields, Victoria L., Lopez, Adriana, Schwartz, Amy, Lewis, Nathaniel M., Tate, Jacqueline E., Kirking, Hannah L., Hall, Aron J., Pevzner, Eric, Khong, Ha, Smithee, Maureen, Lowry, Jason, Dunn, Angela, Kiphibane, Tair, Tran, Cuc H.
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: Public Library of Science 2023
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10289415/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/37352280
http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0275125
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author Walker, Joseph
Tran, Tiffany
Lappe, Brooke
Gastanaduy, Paul
Paul, Prabasaj
Kracalik, Ian T.
Fields, Victoria L.
Lopez, Adriana
Schwartz, Amy
Lewis, Nathaniel M.
Tate, Jacqueline E.
Kirking, Hannah L.
Hall, Aron J.
Pevzner, Eric
Khong, Ha
Smithee, Maureen
Lowry, Jason
Dunn, Angela
Kiphibane, Tair
Tran, Cuc H.
author_facet Walker, Joseph
Tran, Tiffany
Lappe, Brooke
Gastanaduy, Paul
Paul, Prabasaj
Kracalik, Ian T.
Fields, Victoria L.
Lopez, Adriana
Schwartz, Amy
Lewis, Nathaniel M.
Tate, Jacqueline E.
Kirking, Hannah L.
Hall, Aron J.
Pevzner, Eric
Khong, Ha
Smithee, Maureen
Lowry, Jason
Dunn, Angela
Kiphibane, Tair
Tran, Cuc H.
author_sort Walker, Joseph
collection PubMed
description BACKGROUND: Understanding the drivers of SARS-CoV-2 transmission can inform the development of interventions. We evaluated transmission identified by contact tracing investigations between March–May 2020 in Salt Lake County, Utah, to quantify the impact of this intervention and identify risk factors for transmission. METHODS: RT-PCR positive and untested symptomatic contacts were classified as confirmed and probable secondary case-patients, respectively. We compared the number of case-patients and close contacts generated by different groups, and used logistic regression to evaluate factors associated with transmission. RESULTS: Data were collected on 184 index case-patients and up to six generations of contacts. Of 1,499 close contacts, 374 (25%) were classified as secondary case-patients. Decreased transmission odds were observed for contacts aged <18 years (OR = 0.55 [95% CI: 0.38–0.79]), versus 18–44 years, and for workplace (OR = 0.36 [95% CI: 0.23–0.55]) and social (OR = 0.44 [95% CI: 0.28–0.66]) contacts, versus household contacts. Higher transmission odds were observed for case-patient’s spouses than other household contacts (OR = 2.25 [95% CI: 1.52–3.35]). Compared to index case-patients identified in the community, secondary case-patients identified through contract-tracing generated significantly fewer close contacts and secondary case-patients of their own. Transmission was heterogeneous, with 41% of index case-patients generating 81% of directly-linked secondary case-patients. CONCLUSIONS: Given sufficient resources and complementary public health measures, contact tracing can contain known chains of SARS-CoV-2 transmission. Transmission is associated with age and exposure setting, and can be highly variable, with a few infections generating a disproportionately high share of onward transmission.
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spelling pubmed-102894152023-06-24 Epidemiology of SARS-CoV-2 transmission and superspreading in Salt Lake County, Utah, March–May 2020 Walker, Joseph Tran, Tiffany Lappe, Brooke Gastanaduy, Paul Paul, Prabasaj Kracalik, Ian T. Fields, Victoria L. Lopez, Adriana Schwartz, Amy Lewis, Nathaniel M. Tate, Jacqueline E. Kirking, Hannah L. Hall, Aron J. Pevzner, Eric Khong, Ha Smithee, Maureen Lowry, Jason Dunn, Angela Kiphibane, Tair Tran, Cuc H. PLoS One Research Article BACKGROUND: Understanding the drivers of SARS-CoV-2 transmission can inform the development of interventions. We evaluated transmission identified by contact tracing investigations between March–May 2020 in Salt Lake County, Utah, to quantify the impact of this intervention and identify risk factors for transmission. METHODS: RT-PCR positive and untested symptomatic contacts were classified as confirmed and probable secondary case-patients, respectively. We compared the number of case-patients and close contacts generated by different groups, and used logistic regression to evaluate factors associated with transmission. RESULTS: Data were collected on 184 index case-patients and up to six generations of contacts. Of 1,499 close contacts, 374 (25%) were classified as secondary case-patients. Decreased transmission odds were observed for contacts aged <18 years (OR = 0.55 [95% CI: 0.38–0.79]), versus 18–44 years, and for workplace (OR = 0.36 [95% CI: 0.23–0.55]) and social (OR = 0.44 [95% CI: 0.28–0.66]) contacts, versus household contacts. Higher transmission odds were observed for case-patient’s spouses than other household contacts (OR = 2.25 [95% CI: 1.52–3.35]). Compared to index case-patients identified in the community, secondary case-patients identified through contract-tracing generated significantly fewer close contacts and secondary case-patients of their own. Transmission was heterogeneous, with 41% of index case-patients generating 81% of directly-linked secondary case-patients. CONCLUSIONS: Given sufficient resources and complementary public health measures, contact tracing can contain known chains of SARS-CoV-2 transmission. Transmission is associated with age and exposure setting, and can be highly variable, with a few infections generating a disproportionately high share of onward transmission. Public Library of Science 2023-06-23 /pmc/articles/PMC10289415/ /pubmed/37352280 http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0275125 Text en https://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/This is an open access article, free of all copyright, and may be freely reproduced, distributed, transmitted, modified, built upon, or otherwise used by anyone for any lawful purpose. The work is made available under the Creative Commons CC0 (https://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/) public domain dedication.
spellingShingle Research Article
Walker, Joseph
Tran, Tiffany
Lappe, Brooke
Gastanaduy, Paul
Paul, Prabasaj
Kracalik, Ian T.
Fields, Victoria L.
Lopez, Adriana
Schwartz, Amy
Lewis, Nathaniel M.
Tate, Jacqueline E.
Kirking, Hannah L.
Hall, Aron J.
Pevzner, Eric
Khong, Ha
Smithee, Maureen
Lowry, Jason
Dunn, Angela
Kiphibane, Tair
Tran, Cuc H.
Epidemiology of SARS-CoV-2 transmission and superspreading in Salt Lake County, Utah, March–May 2020
title Epidemiology of SARS-CoV-2 transmission and superspreading in Salt Lake County, Utah, March–May 2020
title_full Epidemiology of SARS-CoV-2 transmission and superspreading in Salt Lake County, Utah, March–May 2020
title_fullStr Epidemiology of SARS-CoV-2 transmission and superspreading in Salt Lake County, Utah, March–May 2020
title_full_unstemmed Epidemiology of SARS-CoV-2 transmission and superspreading in Salt Lake County, Utah, March–May 2020
title_short Epidemiology of SARS-CoV-2 transmission and superspreading in Salt Lake County, Utah, March–May 2020
title_sort epidemiology of sars-cov-2 transmission and superspreading in salt lake county, utah, march–may 2020
topic Research Article
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10289415/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/37352280
http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0275125
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