Group B Streptococcus infection-induced ovarian vein thrombosis identified during cesarean section: A case report and a literature review

Ovarian vein thrombosis (OVT) is a rare yet potentially life-threatening condition associated with thromboembolic events. Group B Streptococcus (GBS) is a type of β-hemolytic Gram-positive bacterium known for asymptomatic colonization in the lower genital and gastrointestinal tracts. Here we reported a 35-year-old multiparous woman with gestational diabetes who suffered from placental abruption, stillbirth, OVT, septic shock, and renal failure due to severe GBS infection. PATIENT CONCERNS: A 35-year-old woman with gestational diabetes presented with acute and sustained lower abdominal cramping, vaginal bleeding, and fever at 35 gestational weeks. DIAGNOSES: Based on preoperative ultrasound and intraoperative findings, the patient was diagnosed with placental abruption, intrauterine fetal demise, and right OVT. GBS was cultured from the amniotic fluid obtained during cesarean section. INTERVENTIONS: The patient underwent a right adnexectomy during a cesarean section and received intravenous antibiotics. Subsequently, an ultrasound-guided uterine curettage was performed due to recurrent fever. OUTCOMES: After a prolonged course of intravenous antibiotics for over a month, the patient recovered and was discharged from the hospital. LESSONS: This case underscores the need for early initiation of anticoagulant protocols in cases of OVT, particularly when GBS infection is identified as a predisposing factor. Further research and awareness are warranted to better understand the relationship between GBS infection and OVT and to optimize management strategies in such cases.