Multi-Site Attack, Neutrophil Membrane-Camouflaged Nanomedicine with High Drug Loading for Enhanced Cancer Therapy and Metastasis Inhibition

BACKGROUND: Advanced breast cancer is a highly metastatic tumor with high mortality. Simultaneous elimination of primary tumor and inhibition of neutrophil-circulation tumor cells (CTCs) cluster formation are urgent issues for cancer therapy. Unfortunately, the drug delivery efficiency to tumors and anti-metastasis efficacy of nanomedicine are far from satisfactory. METHODS: To address these problems, we designed a multi-site attack, neutrophil membrane-camouflaged nanoplatform encapsulating hypoxia-responsive dimeric prodrug hQ-MMAE(2) (hQNM-PLGA) for enhanced cancer and anti-metastasis therapy. RESULTS: Encouraged by the natural tendency of neutrophils to inflammatory tumor sites, hQNM-PLGA nanoparticles (NPs) could target delivery of drug to tumor, and the acute hypoxic environment of advanced 4T1 breast tumor promoted hQ-MMAE(2) degradation to release MMAE, thus eliminating the primary tumor cells to achieve remarkable anticancer efficacy. Alternatively, NM-PLGA NPs inherited the similar adhesion proteins of neutrophils so that NPs could compete with neutrophils to interrupt the formation of neutrophil-CTC clusters, leading to a reduction in extravasation of CTCs and inhibition of tumor metastasis. The in vivo results further revealed that hQNM-PLGA NPs possessed a perfect safety and ability to inhibit tumor growth and spontaneous lung metastasis. CONCLUSION: This study demonstrates the multi-site attack strategy provides a prospective avenue with the potential to improve anticancer and anti-metastasis therapeutic efficacy.