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Immune response of heterologous versus homologous prime-boost regimens with adenoviral vectored and mRNA COVID-19 vaccines in immunocompromised patients

Due to rare but major adverse reactions to the AstraZeneca adenoviral ChAdOx1-S-nCoV-19 vaccine (ChAd), German health authorities recommended adults under 60 who received one dose of ChAd, to receive a second dose of the BioNTech mRNA BNT162b2 vaccine (BNT) as a booster. Studies in the general popul...

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Autores principales: Chu, Chang, Schönbrunn, Anne, Fischer, Dorothea, Liu, Yvonne, Hocher, Johann-Georg, Weinerth, Jutta, Klemm, Kristin, von Baehr, Volker, Krämer, Bernhard K., Elitok, Saban, Hocher, Berthold
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: Frontiers Media S.A. 2023
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10291065/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/37377957
http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fimmu.2023.1187880
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author Chu, Chang
Schönbrunn, Anne
Fischer, Dorothea
Liu, Yvonne
Hocher, Johann-Georg
Weinerth, Jutta
Klemm, Kristin
von Baehr, Volker
Krämer, Bernhard K.
Elitok, Saban
Hocher, Berthold
author_facet Chu, Chang
Schönbrunn, Anne
Fischer, Dorothea
Liu, Yvonne
Hocher, Johann-Georg
Weinerth, Jutta
Klemm, Kristin
von Baehr, Volker
Krämer, Bernhard K.
Elitok, Saban
Hocher, Berthold
author_sort Chu, Chang
collection PubMed
description Due to rare but major adverse reactions to the AstraZeneca adenoviral ChAdOx1-S-nCoV-19 vaccine (ChAd), German health authorities recommended adults under 60 who received one dose of ChAd, to receive a second dose of the BioNTech mRNA BNT162b2 vaccine (BNT) as a booster. Studies in the general population suggest an enhanced efficacy of the heterologous (ChAd-BNT) compared to the homologous (BNT-BNT) vaccination regimen. However, an analysis of the efficacy in patient populations with a high risk of severe COVID-19 due to acquired immunodeficiency is still missing. We therefore compared both vaccination regimens in healthy controls, patients with gynecological tumors after chemotherapy, patients on dialysis and patients with rheumatic diseases concerning the humoral and cellular immune response. The humoral and cellular immune response differed substantially in healthy controls compared to patients with acquired immunodeficiency. Overall, the most significant differences between the two immunization regimens were found in neutralizing antibodies. These were always higher after a heterologous immunization. Healthy controls responded well to both vaccination regimens. However, the formation of neutralizing antibodies was more pronounced after a heterologous immunization. Dialysis patients, on the other hand, only developed an adequate humoral and particularly cellular immune response after a heterologous immunization. Tumor and rheumatic patients also - to a weaker extent compared to dialysis patients - benefited from a heterologous immunization. In conclusion, the heterologous COVID-19 vaccination regimens (ChAd-BNT) seem to have an advantage over the homologous vaccination regimens, especially in immunocompromised patients such as patients with end-stage kidney disease treated with hemodialysis.
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spelling pubmed-102910652023-06-27 Immune response of heterologous versus homologous prime-boost regimens with adenoviral vectored and mRNA COVID-19 vaccines in immunocompromised patients Chu, Chang Schönbrunn, Anne Fischer, Dorothea Liu, Yvonne Hocher, Johann-Georg Weinerth, Jutta Klemm, Kristin von Baehr, Volker Krämer, Bernhard K. Elitok, Saban Hocher, Berthold Front Immunol Immunology Due to rare but major adverse reactions to the AstraZeneca adenoviral ChAdOx1-S-nCoV-19 vaccine (ChAd), German health authorities recommended adults under 60 who received one dose of ChAd, to receive a second dose of the BioNTech mRNA BNT162b2 vaccine (BNT) as a booster. Studies in the general population suggest an enhanced efficacy of the heterologous (ChAd-BNT) compared to the homologous (BNT-BNT) vaccination regimen. However, an analysis of the efficacy in patient populations with a high risk of severe COVID-19 due to acquired immunodeficiency is still missing. We therefore compared both vaccination regimens in healthy controls, patients with gynecological tumors after chemotherapy, patients on dialysis and patients with rheumatic diseases concerning the humoral and cellular immune response. The humoral and cellular immune response differed substantially in healthy controls compared to patients with acquired immunodeficiency. Overall, the most significant differences between the two immunization regimens were found in neutralizing antibodies. These were always higher after a heterologous immunization. Healthy controls responded well to both vaccination regimens. However, the formation of neutralizing antibodies was more pronounced after a heterologous immunization. Dialysis patients, on the other hand, only developed an adequate humoral and particularly cellular immune response after a heterologous immunization. Tumor and rheumatic patients also - to a weaker extent compared to dialysis patients - benefited from a heterologous immunization. In conclusion, the heterologous COVID-19 vaccination regimens (ChAd-BNT) seem to have an advantage over the homologous vaccination regimens, especially in immunocompromised patients such as patients with end-stage kidney disease treated with hemodialysis. Frontiers Media S.A. 2023-06-12 /pmc/articles/PMC10291065/ /pubmed/37377957 http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fimmu.2023.1187880 Text en Copyright © 2023 Chu, Schönbrunn, Fischer, Liu, Hocher, Weinerth, Klemm, von Baehr, Krämer, Elitok and Hocher https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.
spellingShingle Immunology
Chu, Chang
Schönbrunn, Anne
Fischer, Dorothea
Liu, Yvonne
Hocher, Johann-Georg
Weinerth, Jutta
Klemm, Kristin
von Baehr, Volker
Krämer, Bernhard K.
Elitok, Saban
Hocher, Berthold
Immune response of heterologous versus homologous prime-boost regimens with adenoviral vectored and mRNA COVID-19 vaccines in immunocompromised patients
title Immune response of heterologous versus homologous prime-boost regimens with adenoviral vectored and mRNA COVID-19 vaccines in immunocompromised patients
title_full Immune response of heterologous versus homologous prime-boost regimens with adenoviral vectored and mRNA COVID-19 vaccines in immunocompromised patients
title_fullStr Immune response of heterologous versus homologous prime-boost regimens with adenoviral vectored and mRNA COVID-19 vaccines in immunocompromised patients
title_full_unstemmed Immune response of heterologous versus homologous prime-boost regimens with adenoviral vectored and mRNA COVID-19 vaccines in immunocompromised patients
title_short Immune response of heterologous versus homologous prime-boost regimens with adenoviral vectored and mRNA COVID-19 vaccines in immunocompromised patients
title_sort immune response of heterologous versus homologous prime-boost regimens with adenoviral vectored and mrna covid-19 vaccines in immunocompromised patients
topic Immunology
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10291065/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/37377957
http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fimmu.2023.1187880
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