Development and psychometric validation of the hospitalized patients’ expectations for treatment scale-patient version

OBJECTIVES: A general expectation measurement of inpatients across wards is needed in the patient safety management systems of general hospitals. This study developed and psychometrically validated a new scale fulfilling the requirements above: the Hospitalized Patients’ Expectations for Treatment Scale-Patient version (HOPE-P). METHODS: A total of 35 experts and ten inpatients were interviewed during the formulation of the HOPE-P scale, which was initially designed with three dimensions: doctor–patient communication expectations, treatment outcome expectations, and disease management expectancy. We recruited 210 inpatients from a general hospital in China and explored the reliability, validity, and psychometric characteristics of the questionnaire. Item analysis, construct validity, internal consistency and 7-day test–retest reliability analysis were applied. RESULTS: Exploratory and confirmatory analyses supported a 2-dimension (doctor–patient communication expectation and treatment outcome expectation) structure with satisfactory model fit parameters (root mean square residual (RMR) = 0.035, a root-mean-square-error of approximation (RMSEA) = 0.072, comparative fit index (CFI) = 0.984, Tucker-Lewis index (TLI) = 0.970). Item analysis revealed an appropriate item design (r = 0.573–0.820). The scale exhibited good internal consistency, with Cronbach’s α of 0.893, 0.761, and 0.919 for the overall scale, the doctor–patient communication expectation subscale, and the treatment outcome expectation subscale, respectively. The 7-day test–retest reliability was 0.782 (p < .001). CONCLUSION: Our results indicated that the HOPE-P is a reliable and valid assessment tool to measure the expectations of general hospital inpatients, with a strong capacity to recognize patients’ expectations regarding doctor–patient communication and treatment outcomes.