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Influence of education and subjective financial status on dietary habits among young, middle-aged, and older adults in Japan: a cross-sectional study

BACKGROUND: Research has suggested an association between lower socioeconomic status (SES) and unhealthy dietary habits. However, differences in the effects of different SES indicators and age remain unclear. The current study addressed this research gap by investigating the relationship between SES...

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Autores principales: Nishinakagawa, Maki, Sakurai, Ryota, Nemoto, Yuta, Matsunaga, Hiroko, Takebayashi, Toru, Fujiwara, Yoshinori
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: BioMed Central 2023
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10291788/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/37365563
http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s12889-023-16131-7
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author Nishinakagawa, Maki
Sakurai, Ryota
Nemoto, Yuta
Matsunaga, Hiroko
Takebayashi, Toru
Fujiwara, Yoshinori
author_facet Nishinakagawa, Maki
Sakurai, Ryota
Nemoto, Yuta
Matsunaga, Hiroko
Takebayashi, Toru
Fujiwara, Yoshinori
author_sort Nishinakagawa, Maki
collection PubMed
description BACKGROUND: Research has suggested an association between lower socioeconomic status (SES) and unhealthy dietary habits. However, differences in the effects of different SES indicators and age remain unclear. The current study addressed this research gap by investigating the relationship between SES and unhealthy dietary habits, specifically focusing on educational attainment and subjective financial status (SFS) among varied age groups. METHODS: Data were derived from a mail survey of 8,464 people living in a suburb of Tokyo, Japan. Participants were classified into three age groups (20–39 years: young adults; 40–64 years: middle-aged adults; and 65–97 years: older adults). SES was assessed based on individual educational attainment and SFS. Unhealthy dietary habits were defined as skipping breakfast and a low frequency of balanced meal consumption. Participants were asked how often they ate breakfast, and those who did not respond “every day” were categorized as “breakfast skippers.” Low frequency of balanced meal consumption was defined as eating a meal that included a staple meal, main dish, and side dishes at least twice a day for less than five days per week. Poisson regression analyses with robust variance adjusted for potential covariates were used to determine the interactive effects of educational attainment and SFS on unhealthy dietary habits. RESULTS: Individuals with lower educational attainment across all age groups skipped breakfast more frequently compared to those with higher educational attainment. For older adults, poor SFS was associated with skipping breakfast. Young adults with poor SFS and middle-aged adults with lower educational attainment tended to eat less balanced meals. In addition, an interaction effect was found in older adults, where those with lower education despite good SFS and those with poor SFS despite higher education were at a greater risk of falling into unhealthy diet. CONCLUSIONS: The findings suggested that different SES indicators affect healthy dietary habits in different generations, and therefore, health policies should consider the potential influence of different SES on promoting healthier dietary habits. SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION: The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12889-023-16131-7.
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spelling pubmed-102917882023-06-27 Influence of education and subjective financial status on dietary habits among young, middle-aged, and older adults in Japan: a cross-sectional study Nishinakagawa, Maki Sakurai, Ryota Nemoto, Yuta Matsunaga, Hiroko Takebayashi, Toru Fujiwara, Yoshinori BMC Public Health Research BACKGROUND: Research has suggested an association between lower socioeconomic status (SES) and unhealthy dietary habits. However, differences in the effects of different SES indicators and age remain unclear. The current study addressed this research gap by investigating the relationship between SES and unhealthy dietary habits, specifically focusing on educational attainment and subjective financial status (SFS) among varied age groups. METHODS: Data were derived from a mail survey of 8,464 people living in a suburb of Tokyo, Japan. Participants were classified into three age groups (20–39 years: young adults; 40–64 years: middle-aged adults; and 65–97 years: older adults). SES was assessed based on individual educational attainment and SFS. Unhealthy dietary habits were defined as skipping breakfast and a low frequency of balanced meal consumption. Participants were asked how often they ate breakfast, and those who did not respond “every day” were categorized as “breakfast skippers.” Low frequency of balanced meal consumption was defined as eating a meal that included a staple meal, main dish, and side dishes at least twice a day for less than five days per week. Poisson regression analyses with robust variance adjusted for potential covariates were used to determine the interactive effects of educational attainment and SFS on unhealthy dietary habits. RESULTS: Individuals with lower educational attainment across all age groups skipped breakfast more frequently compared to those with higher educational attainment. For older adults, poor SFS was associated with skipping breakfast. Young adults with poor SFS and middle-aged adults with lower educational attainment tended to eat less balanced meals. In addition, an interaction effect was found in older adults, where those with lower education despite good SFS and those with poor SFS despite higher education were at a greater risk of falling into unhealthy diet. CONCLUSIONS: The findings suggested that different SES indicators affect healthy dietary habits in different generations, and therefore, health policies should consider the potential influence of different SES on promoting healthier dietary habits. SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION: The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12889-023-16131-7. BioMed Central 2023-06-26 /pmc/articles/PMC10291788/ /pubmed/37365563 http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s12889-023-16131-7 Text en © The Author(s) 2023 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this licence, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/) . The Creative Commons Public Domain Dedication waiver (http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/ (https://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/) ) applies to the data made available in this article, unless otherwise stated in a credit line to the data.
spellingShingle Research
Nishinakagawa, Maki
Sakurai, Ryota
Nemoto, Yuta
Matsunaga, Hiroko
Takebayashi, Toru
Fujiwara, Yoshinori
Influence of education and subjective financial status on dietary habits among young, middle-aged, and older adults in Japan: a cross-sectional study
title Influence of education and subjective financial status on dietary habits among young, middle-aged, and older adults in Japan: a cross-sectional study
title_full Influence of education and subjective financial status on dietary habits among young, middle-aged, and older adults in Japan: a cross-sectional study
title_fullStr Influence of education and subjective financial status on dietary habits among young, middle-aged, and older adults in Japan: a cross-sectional study
title_full_unstemmed Influence of education and subjective financial status on dietary habits among young, middle-aged, and older adults in Japan: a cross-sectional study
title_short Influence of education and subjective financial status on dietary habits among young, middle-aged, and older adults in Japan: a cross-sectional study
title_sort influence of education and subjective financial status on dietary habits among young, middle-aged, and older adults in japan: a cross-sectional study
topic Research
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10291788/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/37365563
http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s12889-023-16131-7
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