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Case report: Anti-IgLON5 disease and anti-LGI1 encephalitis following COVID-19

Anti-IgLON family member 5 (IgLON5) disease is a rare autoimmune encephalitis, characterized by sleep problems, cognitive decline, gait abnormalities, and bulbar dysfunction. Anti–leucine-rich glioma-inactivated 1 (LGI1) autoimmune encephalitis is characterized by cognitive dysfunction, mental disor...

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Autores principales: Li, Yanfei, Jia, Yanjie
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: Frontiers Media S.A. 2023
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10293611/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/37383232
http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fimmu.2023.1195341
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author Li, Yanfei
Jia, Yanjie
author_facet Li, Yanfei
Jia, Yanjie
author_sort Li, Yanfei
collection PubMed
description Anti-IgLON family member 5 (IgLON5) disease is a rare autoimmune encephalitis, characterized by sleep problems, cognitive decline, gait abnormalities, and bulbar dysfunction. Anti–leucine-rich glioma-inactivated 1 (LGI1) autoimmune encephalitis is characterized by cognitive dysfunction, mental disorders, faciobrachial dystonic seizures (FBDS), and hyponatremia. Various studies report that coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) have an effect on the nervous system and induce a wide range of neurological symptoms. Autoimmune encephalitis is one of the neurological complications in severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 infection. Until now, autoimmune encephalitis with both anti-IgLON5 and anti-LGI1 receptor antibodies following COVID-19 is rarely reported. The case report described a 40-year-old man who presented with sleep behavior disorder, daytime sleepiness, paramnesia, cognitive decline, FBDS, and anxiety following COVID-19. Anti-IgLON5 and anti-LGI1 receptor antibodies were positive in serum, and anti-LGI1 receptor antibodies were positive in cerebrospinal fluid. The patient presented with typical symptoms of anti-IgLON5 disease such as sleep behavior disorder, obstructive sleep apnea, and daytime sleepiness. Moreover, he presented with FBDS, which is common in anti-LGI1 encephalitis. Therefore, the patient was diagnosed with anti-IgLON5 disease and anti-LGI1 autoimmune encephalitis. The patient turned better after high-dose steroid and mycophenolate mofetil therapy. The case serves to increase the awareness of rare autoimmune encephalitis after COVID-19.
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spelling pubmed-102936112023-06-28 Case report: Anti-IgLON5 disease and anti-LGI1 encephalitis following COVID-19 Li, Yanfei Jia, Yanjie Front Immunol Immunology Anti-IgLON family member 5 (IgLON5) disease is a rare autoimmune encephalitis, characterized by sleep problems, cognitive decline, gait abnormalities, and bulbar dysfunction. Anti–leucine-rich glioma-inactivated 1 (LGI1) autoimmune encephalitis is characterized by cognitive dysfunction, mental disorders, faciobrachial dystonic seizures (FBDS), and hyponatremia. Various studies report that coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) have an effect on the nervous system and induce a wide range of neurological symptoms. Autoimmune encephalitis is one of the neurological complications in severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 infection. Until now, autoimmune encephalitis with both anti-IgLON5 and anti-LGI1 receptor antibodies following COVID-19 is rarely reported. The case report described a 40-year-old man who presented with sleep behavior disorder, daytime sleepiness, paramnesia, cognitive decline, FBDS, and anxiety following COVID-19. Anti-IgLON5 and anti-LGI1 receptor antibodies were positive in serum, and anti-LGI1 receptor antibodies were positive in cerebrospinal fluid. The patient presented with typical symptoms of anti-IgLON5 disease such as sleep behavior disorder, obstructive sleep apnea, and daytime sleepiness. Moreover, he presented with FBDS, which is common in anti-LGI1 encephalitis. Therefore, the patient was diagnosed with anti-IgLON5 disease and anti-LGI1 autoimmune encephalitis. The patient turned better after high-dose steroid and mycophenolate mofetil therapy. The case serves to increase the awareness of rare autoimmune encephalitis after COVID-19. Frontiers Media S.A. 2023-06-13 /pmc/articles/PMC10293611/ /pubmed/37383232 http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fimmu.2023.1195341 Text en Copyright © 2023 Li and Jia https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.
spellingShingle Immunology
Li, Yanfei
Jia, Yanjie
Case report: Anti-IgLON5 disease and anti-LGI1 encephalitis following COVID-19
title Case report: Anti-IgLON5 disease and anti-LGI1 encephalitis following COVID-19
title_full Case report: Anti-IgLON5 disease and anti-LGI1 encephalitis following COVID-19
title_fullStr Case report: Anti-IgLON5 disease and anti-LGI1 encephalitis following COVID-19
title_full_unstemmed Case report: Anti-IgLON5 disease and anti-LGI1 encephalitis following COVID-19
title_short Case report: Anti-IgLON5 disease and anti-LGI1 encephalitis following COVID-19
title_sort case report: anti-iglon5 disease and anti-lgi1 encephalitis following covid-19
topic Immunology
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10293611/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/37383232
http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fimmu.2023.1195341
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