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Case report: Anti-IgLON5 disease and anti-LGI1 encephalitis following COVID-19
Anti-IgLON family member 5 (IgLON5) disease is a rare autoimmune encephalitis, characterized by sleep problems, cognitive decline, gait abnormalities, and bulbar dysfunction. Anti–leucine-rich glioma-inactivated 1 (LGI1) autoimmune encephalitis is characterized by cognitive dysfunction, mental disor...
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
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Frontiers Media S.A.
2023
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Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10293611/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/37383232 http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fimmu.2023.1195341 |
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author | Li, Yanfei Jia, Yanjie |
author_facet | Li, Yanfei Jia, Yanjie |
author_sort | Li, Yanfei |
collection | PubMed |
description | Anti-IgLON family member 5 (IgLON5) disease is a rare autoimmune encephalitis, characterized by sleep problems, cognitive decline, gait abnormalities, and bulbar dysfunction. Anti–leucine-rich glioma-inactivated 1 (LGI1) autoimmune encephalitis is characterized by cognitive dysfunction, mental disorders, faciobrachial dystonic seizures (FBDS), and hyponatremia. Various studies report that coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) have an effect on the nervous system and induce a wide range of neurological symptoms. Autoimmune encephalitis is one of the neurological complications in severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 infection. Until now, autoimmune encephalitis with both anti-IgLON5 and anti-LGI1 receptor antibodies following COVID-19 is rarely reported. The case report described a 40-year-old man who presented with sleep behavior disorder, daytime sleepiness, paramnesia, cognitive decline, FBDS, and anxiety following COVID-19. Anti-IgLON5 and anti-LGI1 receptor antibodies were positive in serum, and anti-LGI1 receptor antibodies were positive in cerebrospinal fluid. The patient presented with typical symptoms of anti-IgLON5 disease such as sleep behavior disorder, obstructive sleep apnea, and daytime sleepiness. Moreover, he presented with FBDS, which is common in anti-LGI1 encephalitis. Therefore, the patient was diagnosed with anti-IgLON5 disease and anti-LGI1 autoimmune encephalitis. The patient turned better after high-dose steroid and mycophenolate mofetil therapy. The case serves to increase the awareness of rare autoimmune encephalitis after COVID-19. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-10293611 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2023 |
publisher | Frontiers Media S.A. |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-102936112023-06-28 Case report: Anti-IgLON5 disease and anti-LGI1 encephalitis following COVID-19 Li, Yanfei Jia, Yanjie Front Immunol Immunology Anti-IgLON family member 5 (IgLON5) disease is a rare autoimmune encephalitis, characterized by sleep problems, cognitive decline, gait abnormalities, and bulbar dysfunction. Anti–leucine-rich glioma-inactivated 1 (LGI1) autoimmune encephalitis is characterized by cognitive dysfunction, mental disorders, faciobrachial dystonic seizures (FBDS), and hyponatremia. Various studies report that coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) have an effect on the nervous system and induce a wide range of neurological symptoms. Autoimmune encephalitis is one of the neurological complications in severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 infection. Until now, autoimmune encephalitis with both anti-IgLON5 and anti-LGI1 receptor antibodies following COVID-19 is rarely reported. The case report described a 40-year-old man who presented with sleep behavior disorder, daytime sleepiness, paramnesia, cognitive decline, FBDS, and anxiety following COVID-19. Anti-IgLON5 and anti-LGI1 receptor antibodies were positive in serum, and anti-LGI1 receptor antibodies were positive in cerebrospinal fluid. The patient presented with typical symptoms of anti-IgLON5 disease such as sleep behavior disorder, obstructive sleep apnea, and daytime sleepiness. Moreover, he presented with FBDS, which is common in anti-LGI1 encephalitis. Therefore, the patient was diagnosed with anti-IgLON5 disease and anti-LGI1 autoimmune encephalitis. The patient turned better after high-dose steroid and mycophenolate mofetil therapy. The case serves to increase the awareness of rare autoimmune encephalitis after COVID-19. Frontiers Media S.A. 2023-06-13 /pmc/articles/PMC10293611/ /pubmed/37383232 http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fimmu.2023.1195341 Text en Copyright © 2023 Li and Jia https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms. |
spellingShingle | Immunology Li, Yanfei Jia, Yanjie Case report: Anti-IgLON5 disease and anti-LGI1 encephalitis following COVID-19 |
title | Case report: Anti-IgLON5 disease and anti-LGI1 encephalitis following COVID-19 |
title_full | Case report: Anti-IgLON5 disease and anti-LGI1 encephalitis following COVID-19 |
title_fullStr | Case report: Anti-IgLON5 disease and anti-LGI1 encephalitis following COVID-19 |
title_full_unstemmed | Case report: Anti-IgLON5 disease and anti-LGI1 encephalitis following COVID-19 |
title_short | Case report: Anti-IgLON5 disease and anti-LGI1 encephalitis following COVID-19 |
title_sort | case report: anti-iglon5 disease and anti-lgi1 encephalitis following covid-19 |
topic | Immunology |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10293611/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/37383232 http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fimmu.2023.1195341 |
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