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Quantitative susceptibility mapping using multi-channel convolutional neural networks with dipole-adaptive multi-frequency inputs
Quantitative susceptibility mapping (QSM) quantifies the distribution of magnetic susceptibility and shows great potential in assessing tissue contents such as iron, myelin, and calcium in numerous brain diseases. The accuracy of QSM reconstruction was challenged by an ill-posed field-to-susceptibil...
Autores principales: | , , , , , |
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
Publicado: |
Frontiers Media S.A.
2023
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Materias: | |
Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10293650/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/37383103 http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fnins.2023.1165446 |
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author | Si, Wenbin Guo, Yihao Zhang, Qianqian Zhang, Jinwei Wang, Yi Feng, Yanqiu |
author_facet | Si, Wenbin Guo, Yihao Zhang, Qianqian Zhang, Jinwei Wang, Yi Feng, Yanqiu |
author_sort | Si, Wenbin |
collection | PubMed |
description | Quantitative susceptibility mapping (QSM) quantifies the distribution of magnetic susceptibility and shows great potential in assessing tissue contents such as iron, myelin, and calcium in numerous brain diseases. The accuracy of QSM reconstruction was challenged by an ill-posed field-to-susceptibility inversion problem, which is related to the impaired information near the zero-frequency response of the dipole kernel. Recently, deep learning methods demonstrated great capability in improving the accuracy and efficiency of QSM reconstruction. However, the construction of neural networks in most deep learning-based QSM methods did not take the intrinsic nature of the dipole kernel into account. In this study, we propose a dipole kernel-adaptive multi-channel convolutional neural network (DIAM-CNN) method for the dipole inversion problem in QSM. DIAM-CNN first divided the original tissue field into high-fidelity and low-fidelity components by thresholding the dipole kernel in the frequency domain, and it then inputs the two components as additional channels into a multichannel 3D Unet. QSM maps from the calculation of susceptibility through multiple orientation sampling (COSMOS) were used as training labels and evaluation reference. DIAM-CNN was compared with two conventional model-based methods [morphology enabled dipole inversion (MEDI) and improved sparse linear equation and least squares (iLSQR) and one deep learning method (QSMnet)]. High-frequency error norm (HFEN), peak signal-to-noise-ratio (PSNR), normalized root mean squared error (NRMSE), and the structural similarity index (SSIM) were reported for quantitative comparisons. Experiments on healthy volunteers demonstrated that the DIAM-CNN results had superior image quality to those of the MEDI, iLSQR, or QSMnet results. Experiments on data with simulated hemorrhagic lesions demonstrated that DIAM-CNN produced fewer shadow artifacts around the bleeding lesion than the compared methods. This study demonstrates that the incorporation of dipole-related knowledge into the network construction has a potential to improve deep learning-based QSM reconstruction. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-10293650 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2023 |
publisher | Frontiers Media S.A. |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-102936502023-06-28 Quantitative susceptibility mapping using multi-channel convolutional neural networks with dipole-adaptive multi-frequency inputs Si, Wenbin Guo, Yihao Zhang, Qianqian Zhang, Jinwei Wang, Yi Feng, Yanqiu Front Neurosci Neuroscience Quantitative susceptibility mapping (QSM) quantifies the distribution of magnetic susceptibility and shows great potential in assessing tissue contents such as iron, myelin, and calcium in numerous brain diseases. The accuracy of QSM reconstruction was challenged by an ill-posed field-to-susceptibility inversion problem, which is related to the impaired information near the zero-frequency response of the dipole kernel. Recently, deep learning methods demonstrated great capability in improving the accuracy and efficiency of QSM reconstruction. However, the construction of neural networks in most deep learning-based QSM methods did not take the intrinsic nature of the dipole kernel into account. In this study, we propose a dipole kernel-adaptive multi-channel convolutional neural network (DIAM-CNN) method for the dipole inversion problem in QSM. DIAM-CNN first divided the original tissue field into high-fidelity and low-fidelity components by thresholding the dipole kernel in the frequency domain, and it then inputs the two components as additional channels into a multichannel 3D Unet. QSM maps from the calculation of susceptibility through multiple orientation sampling (COSMOS) were used as training labels and evaluation reference. DIAM-CNN was compared with two conventional model-based methods [morphology enabled dipole inversion (MEDI) and improved sparse linear equation and least squares (iLSQR) and one deep learning method (QSMnet)]. High-frequency error norm (HFEN), peak signal-to-noise-ratio (PSNR), normalized root mean squared error (NRMSE), and the structural similarity index (SSIM) were reported for quantitative comparisons. Experiments on healthy volunteers demonstrated that the DIAM-CNN results had superior image quality to those of the MEDI, iLSQR, or QSMnet results. Experiments on data with simulated hemorrhagic lesions demonstrated that DIAM-CNN produced fewer shadow artifacts around the bleeding lesion than the compared methods. This study demonstrates that the incorporation of dipole-related knowledge into the network construction has a potential to improve deep learning-based QSM reconstruction. Frontiers Media S.A. 2023-06-13 /pmc/articles/PMC10293650/ /pubmed/37383103 http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fnins.2023.1165446 Text en Copyright © 2023 Si, Guo, Zhang, Zhang, Wang and Feng. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms. |
spellingShingle | Neuroscience Si, Wenbin Guo, Yihao Zhang, Qianqian Zhang, Jinwei Wang, Yi Feng, Yanqiu Quantitative susceptibility mapping using multi-channel convolutional neural networks with dipole-adaptive multi-frequency inputs |
title | Quantitative susceptibility mapping using multi-channel convolutional neural networks with dipole-adaptive multi-frequency inputs |
title_full | Quantitative susceptibility mapping using multi-channel convolutional neural networks with dipole-adaptive multi-frequency inputs |
title_fullStr | Quantitative susceptibility mapping using multi-channel convolutional neural networks with dipole-adaptive multi-frequency inputs |
title_full_unstemmed | Quantitative susceptibility mapping using multi-channel convolutional neural networks with dipole-adaptive multi-frequency inputs |
title_short | Quantitative susceptibility mapping using multi-channel convolutional neural networks with dipole-adaptive multi-frequency inputs |
title_sort | quantitative susceptibility mapping using multi-channel convolutional neural networks with dipole-adaptive multi-frequency inputs |
topic | Neuroscience |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10293650/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/37383103 http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fnins.2023.1165446 |
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