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Nasal shedding of vaccine viruses after immunization with a Russian‐backbone live attenuated influenza vaccine in India

BACKGROUND: We present post‐vaccination nasal shedding findings from the phase IV, community‐based, triple‐blinded RCT conducted to assess efficacy of trivalent LAIV and inactivated influenza vaccines in rural north India. METHODS: Children aged 2–10 years received LAIV or intranasal placebo across...

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Autores principales: Dar, Lalit, Krishnan, Anand, Kumar, Ramesh, Dhakad, Shivram, Choudekar, Avinash, Bagga, Sumedha, Sharma, Amrit, Kumar, Amit, Jethani, Jyoti, Saha, Siddhartha, Amarchand, Ritvik, Kumar, Rakesh, Choudhary, Aashish, Narayan, Venkatesh Vinayak, Gopal, Giridara, Lafond, Kathryn E., Lindstrom, Stephen
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: John Wiley and Sons Inc. 2023
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10293783/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/37380175
http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/irv.13149
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author Dar, Lalit
Krishnan, Anand
Kumar, Ramesh
Dhakad, Shivram
Choudekar, Avinash
Bagga, Sumedha
Sharma, Amrit
Kumar, Amit
Jethani, Jyoti
Saha, Siddhartha
Amarchand, Ritvik
Kumar, Rakesh
Choudhary, Aashish
Narayan, Venkatesh Vinayak
Gopal, Giridara
Lafond, Kathryn E.
Lindstrom, Stephen
author_facet Dar, Lalit
Krishnan, Anand
Kumar, Ramesh
Dhakad, Shivram
Choudekar, Avinash
Bagga, Sumedha
Sharma, Amrit
Kumar, Amit
Jethani, Jyoti
Saha, Siddhartha
Amarchand, Ritvik
Kumar, Rakesh
Choudhary, Aashish
Narayan, Venkatesh Vinayak
Gopal, Giridara
Lafond, Kathryn E.
Lindstrom, Stephen
author_sort Dar, Lalit
collection PubMed
description BACKGROUND: We present post‐vaccination nasal shedding findings from the phase IV, community‐based, triple‐blinded RCT conducted to assess efficacy of trivalent LAIV and inactivated influenza vaccines in rural north India. METHODS: Children aged 2–10 years received LAIV or intranasal placebo across 2015 and 2016, as per initial allocation. On days 2 and 4 post‐vaccination, trained study nurses collected nasal swabs from randomly selected subset of trial participants based on operational feasibility, accounting for 10.0% and 11.4% of enrolled participants in 2015 and 2016, respectively. Swabs were collected in viral transport medium and transported under cold chain to laboratory for testing by reverse transcriptase real‐time polymerase chain reaction. RESULTS: In year 1, on day 2 post‐vaccination, 71.2% (74/104) of LAIV recipients shed at least one of vaccine virus strains compared to 42.3% (44/104) on day 4. During year 1, on day 2 post‐vaccination, LAIV‐A(H1N1)pdm09 was detected in nasal swabs of 12% LAIV recipients, LAIV‐A(H3N2) in 41%, and LAIV‐B in 59%. In year 2, virus shedding was substantially lower; 29.6% (32/108) of LAIV recipients shed one of the vaccine virus strains on day 2 compared to 21.3% on day 4 (23/108). CONCLUSION: At day 2 post‐vaccination in year 1, two‐thirds of LAIV recipients were shedding vaccine viruses. Shedding of vaccine viruses varied between strains and was lower in year 2. More research is needed to determine the reason for lower virus shedding and vaccine efficacy for LAIV‐A(H1N1)pdm09.
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spelling pubmed-102937832023-06-28 Nasal shedding of vaccine viruses after immunization with a Russian‐backbone live attenuated influenza vaccine in India Dar, Lalit Krishnan, Anand Kumar, Ramesh Dhakad, Shivram Choudekar, Avinash Bagga, Sumedha Sharma, Amrit Kumar, Amit Jethani, Jyoti Saha, Siddhartha Amarchand, Ritvik Kumar, Rakesh Choudhary, Aashish Narayan, Venkatesh Vinayak Gopal, Giridara Lafond, Kathryn E. Lindstrom, Stephen Influenza Other Respir Viruses Original Articles BACKGROUND: We present post‐vaccination nasal shedding findings from the phase IV, community‐based, triple‐blinded RCT conducted to assess efficacy of trivalent LAIV and inactivated influenza vaccines in rural north India. METHODS: Children aged 2–10 years received LAIV or intranasal placebo across 2015 and 2016, as per initial allocation. On days 2 and 4 post‐vaccination, trained study nurses collected nasal swabs from randomly selected subset of trial participants based on operational feasibility, accounting for 10.0% and 11.4% of enrolled participants in 2015 and 2016, respectively. Swabs were collected in viral transport medium and transported under cold chain to laboratory for testing by reverse transcriptase real‐time polymerase chain reaction. RESULTS: In year 1, on day 2 post‐vaccination, 71.2% (74/104) of LAIV recipients shed at least one of vaccine virus strains compared to 42.3% (44/104) on day 4. During year 1, on day 2 post‐vaccination, LAIV‐A(H1N1)pdm09 was detected in nasal swabs of 12% LAIV recipients, LAIV‐A(H3N2) in 41%, and LAIV‐B in 59%. In year 2, virus shedding was substantially lower; 29.6% (32/108) of LAIV recipients shed one of the vaccine virus strains on day 2 compared to 21.3% on day 4 (23/108). CONCLUSION: At day 2 post‐vaccination in year 1, two‐thirds of LAIV recipients were shedding vaccine viruses. Shedding of vaccine viruses varied between strains and was lower in year 2. More research is needed to determine the reason for lower virus shedding and vaccine efficacy for LAIV‐A(H1N1)pdm09. John Wiley and Sons Inc. 2023-06-26 /pmc/articles/PMC10293783/ /pubmed/37380175 http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/irv.13149 Text en © 2023 The Authors. Influenza and Other Respiratory Viruses published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/This is an open access article under the terms of the http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/) License, which permits use, distribution and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
spellingShingle Original Articles
Dar, Lalit
Krishnan, Anand
Kumar, Ramesh
Dhakad, Shivram
Choudekar, Avinash
Bagga, Sumedha
Sharma, Amrit
Kumar, Amit
Jethani, Jyoti
Saha, Siddhartha
Amarchand, Ritvik
Kumar, Rakesh
Choudhary, Aashish
Narayan, Venkatesh Vinayak
Gopal, Giridara
Lafond, Kathryn E.
Lindstrom, Stephen
Nasal shedding of vaccine viruses after immunization with a Russian‐backbone live attenuated influenza vaccine in India
title Nasal shedding of vaccine viruses after immunization with a Russian‐backbone live attenuated influenza vaccine in India
title_full Nasal shedding of vaccine viruses after immunization with a Russian‐backbone live attenuated influenza vaccine in India
title_fullStr Nasal shedding of vaccine viruses after immunization with a Russian‐backbone live attenuated influenza vaccine in India
title_full_unstemmed Nasal shedding of vaccine viruses after immunization with a Russian‐backbone live attenuated influenza vaccine in India
title_short Nasal shedding of vaccine viruses after immunization with a Russian‐backbone live attenuated influenza vaccine in India
title_sort nasal shedding of vaccine viruses after immunization with a russian‐backbone live attenuated influenza vaccine in india
topic Original Articles
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10293783/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/37380175
http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/irv.13149
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