Comprehensive analysis of endoplasmic reticulum stress-related mechanisms in type 2 diabetes mellitus

BACKGROUND: The endoplasmic reticulum (ER) is closely related to a wide range of cellular functions and is a key component to maintain and restore metabolic health. Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is a serious threat to human health, but the ER stress (ERS)-related mechanisms in T2DM have not been fully elucidated. AIM: To identify potential ERS-related mechanisms and crucial biomarkers in T2DM. METHODS: We conducted gene set enrichment analysis (GSEA) and gene set variation analysis (GSVA) in myoblast and myotube form GSE166502, and obtained the differentially expressed genes (DEGs). After intersecting with ERS-related genes, we obtained ERS-related DEGs. Finally, functional analyses, immune infiltration, and several networks were established. RESULTS: Through GSEA and GSVA, we identified several metabolic and immune-related pathways. We obtained 227 ERS-related DEGs and constructed several important networks that help to understand the mechanisms and treatment of T2DM. Finally, memory CD4(+) T cells accounted for the largest proportion of immune cells. CONCLUSION: This study revealed ERS-related mechanisms in T2DM, which might contribute to new ideas and insights into the mechanisms and treatment of T2DM.