Perfectionism and binge eating association: a systematic review and meta-analysis

BACKGROUND: Perfectionism is considered a vulnerability factor for eating disorders. However, the role of perfectionism in binge eating needs clarification due to notably inconsistencies between studies. The purpose to this study was to conduct a systematic review and meta-analysis to estimate the perfectionism-binge eating association. METHOD: Systematic review was performed according to the PRISMA 2020 statement. Four databases (Web of Science, Scopus, PsycINFO and Psicodoc) were searched to identify studies published until September 2022. The literature search yielded 30 published articles (N = 9392) that provided 33 independent estimations of the correlation between the two variables. RESULTS: Random-effects meta-analysis revealed a small-to-moderate positive average effect size between general perfectionism and binge eating (r(+) = .17) with a large heterogeneity. Perfectionistic Concerns showed a significant small-to-moderate relationship with binge eating (r(+) = .27), whereas Perfectionistic Strivings presented a negligible relationship with binge eating (r(+) = .07). Moderator analyses showed that the age, the type of the sample, the study design, and the tools for assessing both variables were statistically associated with the perfectionism-binge eating effect sizes. CONCLUSIONS: Our findings suggest that Perfectionism Concerns are closely associated with binge eating symptomatology. This relationship might be moderated by certain variables, especially by the clinical or non-clinical nature of the sample and the instrument employed to assess binge eating. SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION: The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s40337-023-00817-9.