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Automatic Levothyroxine Dosing Algorithm for Patients Suffering from Hashimoto’s Thyroiditis

Hypothyroidism is a condition where the patient’s thyroid gland cannot produce sufficient thyroid hormones (mainly triiodothyronine and thyroxine). The primary cause of hypothyroidism is autoimmune-mediated destruction of the thyroid gland, referred to as Hashimoto’s thyroiditis. A patient’s desired...

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Autores principales: Sharma, Ravi, Theiler-Schwetz, Verena, Trummer, Christian, Pilz, Stefan, Reichhartinger, Markus
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: MDPI 2023
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10294790/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/37370655
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/bioengineering10060724
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author Sharma, Ravi
Theiler-Schwetz, Verena
Trummer, Christian
Pilz, Stefan
Reichhartinger, Markus
author_facet Sharma, Ravi
Theiler-Schwetz, Verena
Trummer, Christian
Pilz, Stefan
Reichhartinger, Markus
author_sort Sharma, Ravi
collection PubMed
description Hypothyroidism is a condition where the patient’s thyroid gland cannot produce sufficient thyroid hormones (mainly triiodothyronine and thyroxine). The primary cause of hypothyroidism is autoimmune-mediated destruction of the thyroid gland, referred to as Hashimoto’s thyroiditis. A patient’s desired thyroid hormone concentration is achieved by oral administration of thyroid hormone, usually levothyroxine. Establishing individual levothyroxine doses to achieve desired thyroid hormone concentrations requires several patient visits. Additionally, clear guidance for the dosing regimen is lacking, and significant inter-individual differences exist. This study aims to design a digital automatic dosing algorithm for patients suffering from Hashimoto’s thyroiditis. The dynamic behaviour of the relevant thyroid function is mathematically modelled. Methods of automatic control are exploited for the design of the proposed robust model-based levothyroxine dosing algorithm. Numerical simulations are performed to evaluate the mathematical model and the dosing algorithm. With the help of the developed controller thyroid hormone concentrations of patients, emulated using Thyrosim, have been regulated under the euthyroid state. The proposed concept demonstrates reliable responses amidst varying patient parameters. Our developed model provides a useful basis for the design of automatic levothyroxine dosing algorithms. The proposed robust feedback loop contributes to the first results for computer-assisted thyroid dosing algorithms.
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spelling pubmed-102947902023-06-28 Automatic Levothyroxine Dosing Algorithm for Patients Suffering from Hashimoto’s Thyroiditis Sharma, Ravi Theiler-Schwetz, Verena Trummer, Christian Pilz, Stefan Reichhartinger, Markus Bioengineering (Basel) Article Hypothyroidism is a condition where the patient’s thyroid gland cannot produce sufficient thyroid hormones (mainly triiodothyronine and thyroxine). The primary cause of hypothyroidism is autoimmune-mediated destruction of the thyroid gland, referred to as Hashimoto’s thyroiditis. A patient’s desired thyroid hormone concentration is achieved by oral administration of thyroid hormone, usually levothyroxine. Establishing individual levothyroxine doses to achieve desired thyroid hormone concentrations requires several patient visits. Additionally, clear guidance for the dosing regimen is lacking, and significant inter-individual differences exist. This study aims to design a digital automatic dosing algorithm for patients suffering from Hashimoto’s thyroiditis. The dynamic behaviour of the relevant thyroid function is mathematically modelled. Methods of automatic control are exploited for the design of the proposed robust model-based levothyroxine dosing algorithm. Numerical simulations are performed to evaluate the mathematical model and the dosing algorithm. With the help of the developed controller thyroid hormone concentrations of patients, emulated using Thyrosim, have been regulated under the euthyroid state. The proposed concept demonstrates reliable responses amidst varying patient parameters. Our developed model provides a useful basis for the design of automatic levothyroxine dosing algorithms. The proposed robust feedback loop contributes to the first results for computer-assisted thyroid dosing algorithms. MDPI 2023-06-14 /pmc/articles/PMC10294790/ /pubmed/37370655 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/bioengineering10060724 Text en © 2023 by the authors. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).
spellingShingle Article
Sharma, Ravi
Theiler-Schwetz, Verena
Trummer, Christian
Pilz, Stefan
Reichhartinger, Markus
Automatic Levothyroxine Dosing Algorithm for Patients Suffering from Hashimoto’s Thyroiditis
title Automatic Levothyroxine Dosing Algorithm for Patients Suffering from Hashimoto’s Thyroiditis
title_full Automatic Levothyroxine Dosing Algorithm for Patients Suffering from Hashimoto’s Thyroiditis
title_fullStr Automatic Levothyroxine Dosing Algorithm for Patients Suffering from Hashimoto’s Thyroiditis
title_full_unstemmed Automatic Levothyroxine Dosing Algorithm for Patients Suffering from Hashimoto’s Thyroiditis
title_short Automatic Levothyroxine Dosing Algorithm for Patients Suffering from Hashimoto’s Thyroiditis
title_sort automatic levothyroxine dosing algorithm for patients suffering from hashimoto’s thyroiditis
topic Article
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10294790/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/37370655
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/bioengineering10060724
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