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Emerging Rhabdoviruses and Human Infection

SIMPLE SUMMARY: The viral family Rhabdoviridae comprises over 140 different viral species, the most well-known being the Rabies lyssavirus, the principle cause of rabies. There are, however, a large number of other viruses within the Rhabdoviridae family that are less well studied but may also repre...

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Autores principales: Shepherd, James G., Davis, Chris, Streicker, Daniel G., Thomson, Emma C.
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: MDPI 2023
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10294888/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/37372162
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/biology12060878
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author Shepherd, James G.
Davis, Chris
Streicker, Daniel G.
Thomson, Emma C.
author_facet Shepherd, James G.
Davis, Chris
Streicker, Daniel G.
Thomson, Emma C.
author_sort Shepherd, James G.
collection PubMed
description SIMPLE SUMMARY: The viral family Rhabdoviridae comprises over 140 different viral species, the most well-known being the Rabies lyssavirus, the principle cause of rabies. There are, however, a large number of other viruses within the Rhabdoviridae family that are less well studied but may also represent human pathogens. Modern techniques such as metagenomic next-generation sequencing have facilitated the discovery of new and previously neglected viruses. This review describes the evidence for human infection by rhabdoviruses and highlights the gaps in our knowledge of the contribution of this large viral family to human disease. ABSTRACT: Rhabdoviridae is a large viral family, with members infecting a diverse range of hosts including, vertebrate species, arthropods, and plants. The predominant human pathogen within the family is Rabies lyssavirus, the main cause of human rabies. While rabies is itself a neglected disease, there are other, less well studied, rhabdoviruses known to cause human infection. The increasing application of next-generation sequencing technology to clinical samples has led to the detection of several novel or rarely detected rhabdoviruses associated with febrile illness. Many of these viruses have been detected in low- and middle-income countries where the extent of human infection and the burden of disease remain largely unquantified. This review describes the rhabdoviruses other than Rabies lyssavirus that have been associated with human infection. The discovery of the Bas Congo virus and Ekpoma virus is discussed, as is the re-emergence of species such as Le Dantec virus, which has recently been detected in Africa 40 years after its initial isolation. Chandipura virus and the lyssaviruses that are known to cause human rabies are also described. Given their association with human disease, the viruses described in this review should be prioritised for further study.
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spelling pubmed-102948882023-06-28 Emerging Rhabdoviruses and Human Infection Shepherd, James G. Davis, Chris Streicker, Daniel G. Thomson, Emma C. Biology (Basel) Review SIMPLE SUMMARY: The viral family Rhabdoviridae comprises over 140 different viral species, the most well-known being the Rabies lyssavirus, the principle cause of rabies. There are, however, a large number of other viruses within the Rhabdoviridae family that are less well studied but may also represent human pathogens. Modern techniques such as metagenomic next-generation sequencing have facilitated the discovery of new and previously neglected viruses. This review describes the evidence for human infection by rhabdoviruses and highlights the gaps in our knowledge of the contribution of this large viral family to human disease. ABSTRACT: Rhabdoviridae is a large viral family, with members infecting a diverse range of hosts including, vertebrate species, arthropods, and plants. The predominant human pathogen within the family is Rabies lyssavirus, the main cause of human rabies. While rabies is itself a neglected disease, there are other, less well studied, rhabdoviruses known to cause human infection. The increasing application of next-generation sequencing technology to clinical samples has led to the detection of several novel or rarely detected rhabdoviruses associated with febrile illness. Many of these viruses have been detected in low- and middle-income countries where the extent of human infection and the burden of disease remain largely unquantified. This review describes the rhabdoviruses other than Rabies lyssavirus that have been associated with human infection. The discovery of the Bas Congo virus and Ekpoma virus is discussed, as is the re-emergence of species such as Le Dantec virus, which has recently been detected in Africa 40 years after its initial isolation. Chandipura virus and the lyssaviruses that are known to cause human rabies are also described. Given their association with human disease, the viruses described in this review should be prioritised for further study. MDPI 2023-06-17 /pmc/articles/PMC10294888/ /pubmed/37372162 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/biology12060878 Text en © 2023 by the authors. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).
spellingShingle Review
Shepherd, James G.
Davis, Chris
Streicker, Daniel G.
Thomson, Emma C.
Emerging Rhabdoviruses and Human Infection
title Emerging Rhabdoviruses and Human Infection
title_full Emerging Rhabdoviruses and Human Infection
title_fullStr Emerging Rhabdoviruses and Human Infection
title_full_unstemmed Emerging Rhabdoviruses and Human Infection
title_short Emerging Rhabdoviruses and Human Infection
title_sort emerging rhabdoviruses and human infection
topic Review
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10294888/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/37372162
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/biology12060878
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