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Superior cyclability of high surface area vanadium nitride in salt electrolytes

High surface area vanadium nitrides (VNs) have been extensively studied as materials for aqueous supercapacitors due to the high initial capacitance in alkaline media at low scan rates. However, low capacitance retention and safety limit their implementation. The use of neutral aqueous salt solution...

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Autores principales: Kasten, James, Hsiao, Cheng-Che, Johnson, Denis, Djire, Abdoulaye
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: RSC 2023
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10295220/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/37383068
http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/d2na00810f
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author Kasten, James
Hsiao, Cheng-Che
Johnson, Denis
Djire, Abdoulaye
author_facet Kasten, James
Hsiao, Cheng-Che
Johnson, Denis
Djire, Abdoulaye
author_sort Kasten, James
collection PubMed
description High surface area vanadium nitrides (VNs) have been extensively studied as materials for aqueous supercapacitors due to the high initial capacitance in alkaline media at low scan rates. However, low capacitance retention and safety limit their implementation. The use of neutral aqueous salt solutions has the potential to mitigate both of these concerns, but is limited in analysis. Hence, we report on the synthesis and characterization of high surface area VN as a supercapacitor material in a wide variety of aqueous chlorides and sulfates using Mg(2+), Ca(2+), Na(+), K(+), and Li(+) ions. We observe the following trend in the salt electrolytes: Mg(2+) > Li(+) > K(+) > Na(+) > Ca(2+). Mg(2+) systems provide the best performance at higher scan rates with areal capacitances of 294 μF cm(−2) in 1 M MgSO(4) over a 1.35 V operating window at 2000 mV s(−1). Furthermore, VN in 1 M MgSO(4) maintained a 36% capacitance retention from 2 to 2000 mV s(−1) compared to 7% in 1 M KOH. Capacitance in 1 M MgSO(4) and 1 M MgCl(2) increased to 121% and 110% of their original values after 500 cycles and maintained capacitances of 589 and 508 μF cm(−2) at 50 mV s(−1) after 1000 cycles, respectively. In contrast, in 1 M KOH the capacitance decreases to 37% of its original value, reaching only 29 F g(−1) at 50 mV s(−1) after 1000 cycles. The superior performance of the Mg system is attributed to a reversible surface 2 e(−) transfer pseudocapacitive mechanism between Mg(2+) and VN(x)O(y). These findings can be used to further the field of aqueous supercapacitors to build safer and more stable energy storage systems that can charge quicker compared to KOH systems.
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spelling pubmed-102952202023-06-28 Superior cyclability of high surface area vanadium nitride in salt electrolytes Kasten, James Hsiao, Cheng-Che Johnson, Denis Djire, Abdoulaye Nanoscale Adv Chemistry High surface area vanadium nitrides (VNs) have been extensively studied as materials for aqueous supercapacitors due to the high initial capacitance in alkaline media at low scan rates. However, low capacitance retention and safety limit their implementation. The use of neutral aqueous salt solutions has the potential to mitigate both of these concerns, but is limited in analysis. Hence, we report on the synthesis and characterization of high surface area VN as a supercapacitor material in a wide variety of aqueous chlorides and sulfates using Mg(2+), Ca(2+), Na(+), K(+), and Li(+) ions. We observe the following trend in the salt electrolytes: Mg(2+) > Li(+) > K(+) > Na(+) > Ca(2+). Mg(2+) systems provide the best performance at higher scan rates with areal capacitances of 294 μF cm(−2) in 1 M MgSO(4) over a 1.35 V operating window at 2000 mV s(−1). Furthermore, VN in 1 M MgSO(4) maintained a 36% capacitance retention from 2 to 2000 mV s(−1) compared to 7% in 1 M KOH. Capacitance in 1 M MgSO(4) and 1 M MgCl(2) increased to 121% and 110% of their original values after 500 cycles and maintained capacitances of 589 and 508 μF cm(−2) at 50 mV s(−1) after 1000 cycles, respectively. In contrast, in 1 M KOH the capacitance decreases to 37% of its original value, reaching only 29 F g(−1) at 50 mV s(−1) after 1000 cycles. The superior performance of the Mg system is attributed to a reversible surface 2 e(−) transfer pseudocapacitive mechanism between Mg(2+) and VN(x)O(y). These findings can be used to further the field of aqueous supercapacitors to build safer and more stable energy storage systems that can charge quicker compared to KOH systems. RSC 2023-06-09 /pmc/articles/PMC10295220/ /pubmed/37383068 http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/d2na00810f Text en This journal is © The Royal Society of Chemistry https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/
spellingShingle Chemistry
Kasten, James
Hsiao, Cheng-Che
Johnson, Denis
Djire, Abdoulaye
Superior cyclability of high surface area vanadium nitride in salt electrolytes
title Superior cyclability of high surface area vanadium nitride in salt electrolytes
title_full Superior cyclability of high surface area vanadium nitride in salt electrolytes
title_fullStr Superior cyclability of high surface area vanadium nitride in salt electrolytes
title_full_unstemmed Superior cyclability of high surface area vanadium nitride in salt electrolytes
title_short Superior cyclability of high surface area vanadium nitride in salt electrolytes
title_sort superior cyclability of high surface area vanadium nitride in salt electrolytes
topic Chemistry
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10295220/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/37383068
http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/d2na00810f
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