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Polymorphism at the CSN1S1 Locus and Energy Intake Level Affect Milk Traits and Casein Profiles in Rossa Mediterranea Goats

SIMPLE SUMMARY: The CSN1S1 gene encodes for one of the primary milk proteins in goats. Its polymorphism strongly affects αs(1)-casein levels and plays a crucial role in determining both milk quality and quantity. The study aimed to evaluate whether a different energy intake level (70%, 100% and 150%...

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Autores principales: Tumino, Serena, Di Trana, Adriana, Valenti, Bernardo, Bordonaro, Salvatore, Claps, Salvatore, Avondo, Marcella, Di Gregorio, Paola
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: MDPI 2023
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10295597/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/37370491
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ani13121982
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author Tumino, Serena
Di Trana, Adriana
Valenti, Bernardo
Bordonaro, Salvatore
Claps, Salvatore
Avondo, Marcella
Di Gregorio, Paola
author_facet Tumino, Serena
Di Trana, Adriana
Valenti, Bernardo
Bordonaro, Salvatore
Claps, Salvatore
Avondo, Marcella
Di Gregorio, Paola
author_sort Tumino, Serena
collection PubMed
description SIMPLE SUMMARY: The CSN1S1 gene encodes for one of the primary milk proteins in goats. Its polymorphism strongly affects αs(1)-casein levels and plays a crucial role in determining both milk quality and quantity. The study aimed to evaluate whether a different energy intake level (70%, 100% and 150% of the total requirements indicated by INRA) could unveil any interactions with the genotype at the αs(1)-casein gene with respect to milk yield and casein profile. The results demonstrated that the higher energy input, along with the presence of the strong allele at the CSN1S1 locus, improved milk production and casein concentrations, highlighting the existence of an interaction between α(s1)-casein polymorphisms and diet on the dairy performance of goats. ABSTRACT: A total of twenty-seven Rossa Mediterranea lactating goats, consisting of nine homozygous for strong alleles (AA), twelve heterozygous (AF) and six homozygous for weak alleles (FF) at the CSN1S1 locus, were used to evaluate the effect of genotype, diet and genotype × diet interaction on goat milk traits and casein profile. The goats were used in a 3 × 3 factorial arrangement of treatments, with three genotypes (AA, AF and FF) and three different energy intake levels: high (H), medium (M) and low (L). The diets supplied a complete pelleted feed containing 65% of alfalfa hay, respectively, at 150%, 100% and 70% of the total energy requirements. Milk yield was significantly affected by the genotype and diet: Lower levels were found in FF goats than in AA and AF genotypes (673.7 vs. 934.5 and 879.8 d/g, respectively; p = 0.002) as well as in goats fed with the L diet (651.5 vs. 1041 and 852.9 g/d for H and M diet, respectively, p < 0.001). The genotype influenced the casein profile. Specifically, AA goat milk exhibited higher concentrations of total casein and α(s1)-casein compared to AF and FF genotypes (for total casein and αs1-casein, respectively: 24.9 vs. 20.4 and 19.8 g/kg, p = 0.001; 7.2 vs. 3.7 and 0.7 g/kg, p < 0.001), while the FF genotype showed higher values for α(s2)-casein concentrations compared to homozygous AA and heterozygous AF goats (3.1 vs. 2.4 and 2.5 g/kg, respectively, p < 0.001). A significant genotype x diet interaction occurred for αs2-casein levels (g/kg) (p = 0.034) and αs(1)-casein yields (p = 0.027): The αs(2)-casein level was not affected by the diet in AA goats, whereas it increased with energy intake in AF and FF genotypes. Conversely, the αs(1)-casein yield gradually increased with energy intake in AA and AF groups, whereas the diet in FF goats did not modify it. The results demonstrated that high energy input, as well as the strong allele at the CSN1S1 locus, enhanced milk production and casein concentrations. Furthermore, they confirmed the existence of an interaction between α(s1)-casein polymorphism and diets, influencing the milk casein composition and yield.
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spelling pubmed-102955972023-06-28 Polymorphism at the CSN1S1 Locus and Energy Intake Level Affect Milk Traits and Casein Profiles in Rossa Mediterranea Goats Tumino, Serena Di Trana, Adriana Valenti, Bernardo Bordonaro, Salvatore Claps, Salvatore Avondo, Marcella Di Gregorio, Paola Animals (Basel) Article SIMPLE SUMMARY: The CSN1S1 gene encodes for one of the primary milk proteins in goats. Its polymorphism strongly affects αs(1)-casein levels and plays a crucial role in determining both milk quality and quantity. The study aimed to evaluate whether a different energy intake level (70%, 100% and 150% of the total requirements indicated by INRA) could unveil any interactions with the genotype at the αs(1)-casein gene with respect to milk yield and casein profile. The results demonstrated that the higher energy input, along with the presence of the strong allele at the CSN1S1 locus, improved milk production and casein concentrations, highlighting the existence of an interaction between α(s1)-casein polymorphisms and diet on the dairy performance of goats. ABSTRACT: A total of twenty-seven Rossa Mediterranea lactating goats, consisting of nine homozygous for strong alleles (AA), twelve heterozygous (AF) and six homozygous for weak alleles (FF) at the CSN1S1 locus, were used to evaluate the effect of genotype, diet and genotype × diet interaction on goat milk traits and casein profile. The goats were used in a 3 × 3 factorial arrangement of treatments, with three genotypes (AA, AF and FF) and three different energy intake levels: high (H), medium (M) and low (L). The diets supplied a complete pelleted feed containing 65% of alfalfa hay, respectively, at 150%, 100% and 70% of the total energy requirements. Milk yield was significantly affected by the genotype and diet: Lower levels were found in FF goats than in AA and AF genotypes (673.7 vs. 934.5 and 879.8 d/g, respectively; p = 0.002) as well as in goats fed with the L diet (651.5 vs. 1041 and 852.9 g/d for H and M diet, respectively, p < 0.001). The genotype influenced the casein profile. Specifically, AA goat milk exhibited higher concentrations of total casein and α(s1)-casein compared to AF and FF genotypes (for total casein and αs1-casein, respectively: 24.9 vs. 20.4 and 19.8 g/kg, p = 0.001; 7.2 vs. 3.7 and 0.7 g/kg, p < 0.001), while the FF genotype showed higher values for α(s2)-casein concentrations compared to homozygous AA and heterozygous AF goats (3.1 vs. 2.4 and 2.5 g/kg, respectively, p < 0.001). A significant genotype x diet interaction occurred for αs2-casein levels (g/kg) (p = 0.034) and αs(1)-casein yields (p = 0.027): The αs(2)-casein level was not affected by the diet in AA goats, whereas it increased with energy intake in AF and FF genotypes. Conversely, the αs(1)-casein yield gradually increased with energy intake in AA and AF groups, whereas the diet in FF goats did not modify it. The results demonstrated that high energy input, as well as the strong allele at the CSN1S1 locus, enhanced milk production and casein concentrations. Furthermore, they confirmed the existence of an interaction between α(s1)-casein polymorphism and diets, influencing the milk casein composition and yield. MDPI 2023-06-14 /pmc/articles/PMC10295597/ /pubmed/37370491 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ani13121982 Text en © 2023 by the authors. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).
spellingShingle Article
Tumino, Serena
Di Trana, Adriana
Valenti, Bernardo
Bordonaro, Salvatore
Claps, Salvatore
Avondo, Marcella
Di Gregorio, Paola
Polymorphism at the CSN1S1 Locus and Energy Intake Level Affect Milk Traits and Casein Profiles in Rossa Mediterranea Goats
title Polymorphism at the CSN1S1 Locus and Energy Intake Level Affect Milk Traits and Casein Profiles in Rossa Mediterranea Goats
title_full Polymorphism at the CSN1S1 Locus and Energy Intake Level Affect Milk Traits and Casein Profiles in Rossa Mediterranea Goats
title_fullStr Polymorphism at the CSN1S1 Locus and Energy Intake Level Affect Milk Traits and Casein Profiles in Rossa Mediterranea Goats
title_full_unstemmed Polymorphism at the CSN1S1 Locus and Energy Intake Level Affect Milk Traits and Casein Profiles in Rossa Mediterranea Goats
title_short Polymorphism at the CSN1S1 Locus and Energy Intake Level Affect Milk Traits and Casein Profiles in Rossa Mediterranea Goats
title_sort polymorphism at the csn1s1 locus and energy intake level affect milk traits and casein profiles in rossa mediterranea goats
topic Article
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10295597/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/37370491
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ani13121982
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