Cargando…
The Distinctive Features behind the Aggressiveness of Oral and Cutaneous Squamous Cell Carcinomas
SIMPLE SUMMARY: In this review, we describe the recent studies that define the genetic alterations and composition of the stroma of oral and cutaneous squamous cell carcinomas (OSCC and CSCC, respectively). Mutations in tumor suppressor genes and protooncogenes cooperate in determining the different...
Autores principales: | , , , , , , , , |
---|---|
Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
Publicado: |
MDPI
2023
|
Materias: | |
Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10296732/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/37370836 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/cancers15123227 |
_version_ | 1785063719341916160 |
---|---|
author | Alonso-Juarranz, Miguel Mascaraque, Marta Carrasco, Elisa Gracia-Cazaña, Tamara De La Sen, Oscar Gilaberte, Yolanda Gonzalez, Salvador Juarranz, Ángeles Falahat, Farzin |
author_facet | Alonso-Juarranz, Miguel Mascaraque, Marta Carrasco, Elisa Gracia-Cazaña, Tamara De La Sen, Oscar Gilaberte, Yolanda Gonzalez, Salvador Juarranz, Ángeles Falahat, Farzin |
author_sort | Alonso-Juarranz, Miguel |
collection | PubMed |
description | SIMPLE SUMMARY: In this review, we describe the recent studies that define the genetic alterations and composition of the stroma of oral and cutaneous squamous cell carcinomas (OSCC and CSCC, respectively). Mutations in tumor suppressor genes and protooncogenes cooperate in determining the differentiation, aggressiveness, and metastatic potential of these types of cancers. Driver mutations in tumor suppressor genes are more frequently observed in OSCC than CSCC. We also describe the differential composition of the tumor microenvironment and how this influences the aggressiveness of each tumor type. Although both OSCC and CSCC tumors are highly infiltrated by immune cells, high levels of tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes have been more frequently reported as predictors of good responses in OSCC than CSCC. ABSTRACT: Squamous cell carcinomas arise from stratified squamous epithelia. Here, a comparative analysis based on recent studies defining the genetic alterations and composition of the stroma of oral and cutaneous squamous cell carcinomas (OSCC and CSCC, respectively) was performed. Both carcinomas share some but not all histological and genetic features. This review was focused on how mutations in tumor suppressor genes and protooncogenes cooperate to determine the differentiation, aggressiveness, and metastatic potential of OSCC and CSCC. In fact, driver mutations in tumor suppressor genes are more frequently observed in OSCC than CSCC. These include mutations in TP53 (encoding pP53 protein), CDKN2A (encoding cyclin dependent kinase inhibitor 2A), FAT1 (encoding FAT atypical cadherin 1), and KMT2D (encoding lysine methyltransferase 2D), with the exception of NOTCH (encoding Notch receptor 1), whose mutation frequency is lower in OSCC compared to CSCC. Finally, we describe the differential composition of the tumor microenvironment and how this influences the aggressiveness of each tumor type. Although both OSCC and CSCC tumors are highly infiltrated by immune cells, high levels of tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs) have been more frequently reported as predictors of better outcomes in OSCC than CSCC. In conclusion, OSCC and CSCC partially share genetic alterations and possess different causal factors triggering their development. The tumor microenvironment plays a key role determining the outcome of the disease. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-10296732 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2023 |
publisher | MDPI |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-102967322023-06-28 The Distinctive Features behind the Aggressiveness of Oral and Cutaneous Squamous Cell Carcinomas Alonso-Juarranz, Miguel Mascaraque, Marta Carrasco, Elisa Gracia-Cazaña, Tamara De La Sen, Oscar Gilaberte, Yolanda Gonzalez, Salvador Juarranz, Ángeles Falahat, Farzin Cancers (Basel) Review SIMPLE SUMMARY: In this review, we describe the recent studies that define the genetic alterations and composition of the stroma of oral and cutaneous squamous cell carcinomas (OSCC and CSCC, respectively). Mutations in tumor suppressor genes and protooncogenes cooperate in determining the differentiation, aggressiveness, and metastatic potential of these types of cancers. Driver mutations in tumor suppressor genes are more frequently observed in OSCC than CSCC. We also describe the differential composition of the tumor microenvironment and how this influences the aggressiveness of each tumor type. Although both OSCC and CSCC tumors are highly infiltrated by immune cells, high levels of tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes have been more frequently reported as predictors of good responses in OSCC than CSCC. ABSTRACT: Squamous cell carcinomas arise from stratified squamous epithelia. Here, a comparative analysis based on recent studies defining the genetic alterations and composition of the stroma of oral and cutaneous squamous cell carcinomas (OSCC and CSCC, respectively) was performed. Both carcinomas share some but not all histological and genetic features. This review was focused on how mutations in tumor suppressor genes and protooncogenes cooperate to determine the differentiation, aggressiveness, and metastatic potential of OSCC and CSCC. In fact, driver mutations in tumor suppressor genes are more frequently observed in OSCC than CSCC. These include mutations in TP53 (encoding pP53 protein), CDKN2A (encoding cyclin dependent kinase inhibitor 2A), FAT1 (encoding FAT atypical cadherin 1), and KMT2D (encoding lysine methyltransferase 2D), with the exception of NOTCH (encoding Notch receptor 1), whose mutation frequency is lower in OSCC compared to CSCC. Finally, we describe the differential composition of the tumor microenvironment and how this influences the aggressiveness of each tumor type. Although both OSCC and CSCC tumors are highly infiltrated by immune cells, high levels of tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs) have been more frequently reported as predictors of better outcomes in OSCC than CSCC. In conclusion, OSCC and CSCC partially share genetic alterations and possess different causal factors triggering their development. The tumor microenvironment plays a key role determining the outcome of the disease. MDPI 2023-06-17 /pmc/articles/PMC10296732/ /pubmed/37370836 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/cancers15123227 Text en © 2023 by the authors. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/). |
spellingShingle | Review Alonso-Juarranz, Miguel Mascaraque, Marta Carrasco, Elisa Gracia-Cazaña, Tamara De La Sen, Oscar Gilaberte, Yolanda Gonzalez, Salvador Juarranz, Ángeles Falahat, Farzin The Distinctive Features behind the Aggressiveness of Oral and Cutaneous Squamous Cell Carcinomas |
title | The Distinctive Features behind the Aggressiveness of Oral and Cutaneous Squamous Cell Carcinomas |
title_full | The Distinctive Features behind the Aggressiveness of Oral and Cutaneous Squamous Cell Carcinomas |
title_fullStr | The Distinctive Features behind the Aggressiveness of Oral and Cutaneous Squamous Cell Carcinomas |
title_full_unstemmed | The Distinctive Features behind the Aggressiveness of Oral and Cutaneous Squamous Cell Carcinomas |
title_short | The Distinctive Features behind the Aggressiveness of Oral and Cutaneous Squamous Cell Carcinomas |
title_sort | distinctive features behind the aggressiveness of oral and cutaneous squamous cell carcinomas |
topic | Review |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10296732/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/37370836 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/cancers15123227 |
work_keys_str_mv | AT alonsojuarranzmiguel thedistinctivefeaturesbehindtheaggressivenessoforalandcutaneoussquamouscellcarcinomas AT mascaraquemarta thedistinctivefeaturesbehindtheaggressivenessoforalandcutaneoussquamouscellcarcinomas AT carrascoelisa thedistinctivefeaturesbehindtheaggressivenessoforalandcutaneoussquamouscellcarcinomas AT graciacazanatamara thedistinctivefeaturesbehindtheaggressivenessoforalandcutaneoussquamouscellcarcinomas AT delasenoscar thedistinctivefeaturesbehindtheaggressivenessoforalandcutaneoussquamouscellcarcinomas AT gilaberteyolanda thedistinctivefeaturesbehindtheaggressivenessoforalandcutaneoussquamouscellcarcinomas AT gonzalezsalvador thedistinctivefeaturesbehindtheaggressivenessoforalandcutaneoussquamouscellcarcinomas AT juarranzangeles thedistinctivefeaturesbehindtheaggressivenessoforalandcutaneoussquamouscellcarcinomas AT falahatfarzin thedistinctivefeaturesbehindtheaggressivenessoforalandcutaneoussquamouscellcarcinomas AT alonsojuarranzmiguel distinctivefeaturesbehindtheaggressivenessoforalandcutaneoussquamouscellcarcinomas AT mascaraquemarta distinctivefeaturesbehindtheaggressivenessoforalandcutaneoussquamouscellcarcinomas AT carrascoelisa distinctivefeaturesbehindtheaggressivenessoforalandcutaneoussquamouscellcarcinomas AT graciacazanatamara distinctivefeaturesbehindtheaggressivenessoforalandcutaneoussquamouscellcarcinomas AT delasenoscar distinctivefeaturesbehindtheaggressivenessoforalandcutaneoussquamouscellcarcinomas AT gilaberteyolanda distinctivefeaturesbehindtheaggressivenessoforalandcutaneoussquamouscellcarcinomas AT gonzalezsalvador distinctivefeaturesbehindtheaggressivenessoforalandcutaneoussquamouscellcarcinomas AT juarranzangeles distinctivefeaturesbehindtheaggressivenessoforalandcutaneoussquamouscellcarcinomas AT falahatfarzin distinctivefeaturesbehindtheaggressivenessoforalandcutaneoussquamouscellcarcinomas |