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Understanding torquetenovirus (TTV) as an immune marker

Torquetenovirus (TTV), a small, single stranded anellovirus, is currently being explored as a marker of immunocompetence in patients with immunological impairment and inflammatory disorders. TTV has an extremely high prevalence and is regarded as a part of the human virome, the replication of which...

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Autores principales: Gore, Edmund J., Gard, Lilli, Niesters, Hubert G. M., Van Leer Buter, Coretta C.
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: Frontiers Media S.A. 2023
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10296770/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/37384041
http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fmed.2023.1168400
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author Gore, Edmund J.
Gard, Lilli
Niesters, Hubert G. M.
Van Leer Buter, Coretta C.
author_facet Gore, Edmund J.
Gard, Lilli
Niesters, Hubert G. M.
Van Leer Buter, Coretta C.
author_sort Gore, Edmund J.
collection PubMed
description Torquetenovirus (TTV), a small, single stranded anellovirus, is currently being explored as a marker of immunocompetence in patients with immunological impairment and inflammatory disorders. TTV has an extremely high prevalence and is regarded as a part of the human virome, the replication of which is controlled by a functioning immune system. The viral load of TTV in plasma of individuals is thought to reflect the degree of immunosuppression. Measuring and quantifying this viral load is especially promising in organ transplantation, as many studies have shown a strong correlation between high TTV loads and increased risk of infection on one side, and low TTV loads and an increased risk of rejection on the other side. As clinical studies are underway, investigating if TTV viral load measurement is superior for gauging antirejection therapy compared to medication-levels, some aspects nevertheless have to be considered. In contrast with medication levels, TTV loads have to be interpreted bearing in mind that viruses have properties including transmission, tropism, genotypes and mutations. This narrative review describes the potential pitfalls of TTV measurement in the follow-up of solid organ transplant recipients and addresses the questions which remain to be answered.
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spelling pubmed-102967702023-06-28 Understanding torquetenovirus (TTV) as an immune marker Gore, Edmund J. Gard, Lilli Niesters, Hubert G. M. Van Leer Buter, Coretta C. Front Med (Lausanne) Medicine Torquetenovirus (TTV), a small, single stranded anellovirus, is currently being explored as a marker of immunocompetence in patients with immunological impairment and inflammatory disorders. TTV has an extremely high prevalence and is regarded as a part of the human virome, the replication of which is controlled by a functioning immune system. The viral load of TTV in plasma of individuals is thought to reflect the degree of immunosuppression. Measuring and quantifying this viral load is especially promising in organ transplantation, as many studies have shown a strong correlation between high TTV loads and increased risk of infection on one side, and low TTV loads and an increased risk of rejection on the other side. As clinical studies are underway, investigating if TTV viral load measurement is superior for gauging antirejection therapy compared to medication-levels, some aspects nevertheless have to be considered. In contrast with medication levels, TTV loads have to be interpreted bearing in mind that viruses have properties including transmission, tropism, genotypes and mutations. This narrative review describes the potential pitfalls of TTV measurement in the follow-up of solid organ transplant recipients and addresses the questions which remain to be answered. Frontiers Media S.A. 2023-06-13 /pmc/articles/PMC10296770/ /pubmed/37384041 http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fmed.2023.1168400 Text en Copyright © 2023 Gore, Gard, Niesters and Van Leer Buter. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.
spellingShingle Medicine
Gore, Edmund J.
Gard, Lilli
Niesters, Hubert G. M.
Van Leer Buter, Coretta C.
Understanding torquetenovirus (TTV) as an immune marker
title Understanding torquetenovirus (TTV) as an immune marker
title_full Understanding torquetenovirus (TTV) as an immune marker
title_fullStr Understanding torquetenovirus (TTV) as an immune marker
title_full_unstemmed Understanding torquetenovirus (TTV) as an immune marker
title_short Understanding torquetenovirus (TTV) as an immune marker
title_sort understanding torquetenovirus (ttv) as an immune marker
topic Medicine
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10296770/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/37384041
http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fmed.2023.1168400
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