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Increasing Extractable Work in Small Qubit Landscapes
An interesting class of physical systems, including those associated with life, demonstrates the ability to hold thermalization at bay and perpetuate states of high free-energy compared to a local environment. In this work we study quantum systems with no external sources or sinks for energy, heat,...
Autores principales: | , , |
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
Publicado: |
MDPI
2023
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Materias: | |
Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10297148/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/37372291 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/e25060947 |
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author | Akhouri, Unnati Shandera, Sarah Yesmurzayeva, Gaukhar |
author_facet | Akhouri, Unnati Shandera, Sarah Yesmurzayeva, Gaukhar |
author_sort | Akhouri, Unnati |
collection | PubMed |
description | An interesting class of physical systems, including those associated with life, demonstrates the ability to hold thermalization at bay and perpetuate states of high free-energy compared to a local environment. In this work we study quantum systems with no external sources or sinks for energy, heat, work, or entropy that allow for high free-energy subsystems to form and persist. We initialize systems of qubits in mixed, uncorrelated states and evolve them subject to a conservation law. We find that four qubits make up the minimal system for which these restricted dynamics and initial conditions allow an increase in extractable work for a subsystem. On landscapes of eight co-evolving qubits, interacting in randomly selected subsystems at each step, we demonstrate that restricted connectivity and an inhomogeneous distribution of initial temperatures both lead to landscapes with longer intervals of increasing extractable work for individual qubits. We demonstrate the role of correlations that develop on the landscape in enabling a positive change in extractable work. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-10297148 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2023 |
publisher | MDPI |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-102971482023-06-28 Increasing Extractable Work in Small Qubit Landscapes Akhouri, Unnati Shandera, Sarah Yesmurzayeva, Gaukhar Entropy (Basel) Article An interesting class of physical systems, including those associated with life, demonstrates the ability to hold thermalization at bay and perpetuate states of high free-energy compared to a local environment. In this work we study quantum systems with no external sources or sinks for energy, heat, work, or entropy that allow for high free-energy subsystems to form and persist. We initialize systems of qubits in mixed, uncorrelated states and evolve them subject to a conservation law. We find that four qubits make up the minimal system for which these restricted dynamics and initial conditions allow an increase in extractable work for a subsystem. On landscapes of eight co-evolving qubits, interacting in randomly selected subsystems at each step, we demonstrate that restricted connectivity and an inhomogeneous distribution of initial temperatures both lead to landscapes with longer intervals of increasing extractable work for individual qubits. We demonstrate the role of correlations that develop on the landscape in enabling a positive change in extractable work. MDPI 2023-06-16 /pmc/articles/PMC10297148/ /pubmed/37372291 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/e25060947 Text en © 2023 by the authors. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/). |
spellingShingle | Article Akhouri, Unnati Shandera, Sarah Yesmurzayeva, Gaukhar Increasing Extractable Work in Small Qubit Landscapes |
title | Increasing Extractable Work in Small Qubit Landscapes |
title_full | Increasing Extractable Work in Small Qubit Landscapes |
title_fullStr | Increasing Extractable Work in Small Qubit Landscapes |
title_full_unstemmed | Increasing Extractable Work in Small Qubit Landscapes |
title_short | Increasing Extractable Work in Small Qubit Landscapes |
title_sort | increasing extractable work in small qubit landscapes |
topic | Article |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10297148/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/37372291 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/e25060947 |
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