Cargando…

Polyamines and Physical Activity in Musculoskeletal Diseases: A Potential Therapeutic Challenge

Autophagy dysregulation is commonplace in the pathogenesis of several invalidating diseases, such as musculoskeletal diseases. Polyamines, as spermidine and spermine, are small aliphatic cations essential for cell growth and differentiation, with multiple antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and anti-apo...

Descripción completa

Detalles Bibliográficos
Autores principales: Galasso, Letizia, Cappella, Annalisa, Mulè, Antonino, Castelli, Lucia, Ciorciari, Andrea, Stacchiotti, Alessandra, Montaruli, Angela
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: MDPI 2023
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10298580/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/37372945
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms24129798
_version_ 1785064151535583232
author Galasso, Letizia
Cappella, Annalisa
Mulè, Antonino
Castelli, Lucia
Ciorciari, Andrea
Stacchiotti, Alessandra
Montaruli, Angela
author_facet Galasso, Letizia
Cappella, Annalisa
Mulè, Antonino
Castelli, Lucia
Ciorciari, Andrea
Stacchiotti, Alessandra
Montaruli, Angela
author_sort Galasso, Letizia
collection PubMed
description Autophagy dysregulation is commonplace in the pathogenesis of several invalidating diseases, such as musculoskeletal diseases. Polyamines, as spermidine and spermine, are small aliphatic cations essential for cell growth and differentiation, with multiple antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and anti-apoptotic effects. Remarkably, they are emerging as natural autophagy regulators with strong anti-aging effects. Polyamine levels were significantly altered in the skeletal muscles of aged animals. Therefore, supplementation of spermine and spermidine may be important to prevent or treat muscle atrophy. Recent in vitro and in vivo experimental studies indicate that spermidine reverses dysfunctional autophagy and stimulates mitophagy in muscles and heart, preventing senescence. Physical exercise, as polyamines, regulates skeletal muscle mass inducing proper autophagy and mitophagy. This narrative review focuses on the latest evidence regarding the efficacy of polyamines and exercise as autophagy inducers, alone or coupled, in alleviating sarcopenia and aging-dependent musculoskeletal diseases. A comprehensive description of overall autophagic steps in muscle, polyamine metabolic pathways, and effects of the role of autophagy inducers played by both polyamines and exercise has been presented. Although literature shows few data in regard to this controversial topic, interesting effects on muscle atrophy in murine models have emerged when the two “autophagy-inducers” were combined. We hope these findings, with caution, can encourage researchers to continue investigating in this direction. In particular, if these novel insights could be confirmed in further in vivo and clinical studies, and the two synergic treatments could be optimized in terms of dose and duration, then polyamine supplementation and physical exercise might have a clinical potential in sarcopenia, and more importantly, implications for a healthy lifestyle in the elderly population.
format Online
Article
Text
id pubmed-10298580
institution National Center for Biotechnology Information
language English
publishDate 2023
publisher MDPI
record_format MEDLINE/PubMed
spelling pubmed-102985802023-06-28 Polyamines and Physical Activity in Musculoskeletal Diseases: A Potential Therapeutic Challenge Galasso, Letizia Cappella, Annalisa Mulè, Antonino Castelli, Lucia Ciorciari, Andrea Stacchiotti, Alessandra Montaruli, Angela Int J Mol Sci Review Autophagy dysregulation is commonplace in the pathogenesis of several invalidating diseases, such as musculoskeletal diseases. Polyamines, as spermidine and spermine, are small aliphatic cations essential for cell growth and differentiation, with multiple antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and anti-apoptotic effects. Remarkably, they are emerging as natural autophagy regulators with strong anti-aging effects. Polyamine levels were significantly altered in the skeletal muscles of aged animals. Therefore, supplementation of spermine and spermidine may be important to prevent or treat muscle atrophy. Recent in vitro and in vivo experimental studies indicate that spermidine reverses dysfunctional autophagy and stimulates mitophagy in muscles and heart, preventing senescence. Physical exercise, as polyamines, regulates skeletal muscle mass inducing proper autophagy and mitophagy. This narrative review focuses on the latest evidence regarding the efficacy of polyamines and exercise as autophagy inducers, alone or coupled, in alleviating sarcopenia and aging-dependent musculoskeletal diseases. A comprehensive description of overall autophagic steps in muscle, polyamine metabolic pathways, and effects of the role of autophagy inducers played by both polyamines and exercise has been presented. Although literature shows few data in regard to this controversial topic, interesting effects on muscle atrophy in murine models have emerged when the two “autophagy-inducers” were combined. We hope these findings, with caution, can encourage researchers to continue investigating in this direction. In particular, if these novel insights could be confirmed in further in vivo and clinical studies, and the two synergic treatments could be optimized in terms of dose and duration, then polyamine supplementation and physical exercise might have a clinical potential in sarcopenia, and more importantly, implications for a healthy lifestyle in the elderly population. MDPI 2023-06-06 /pmc/articles/PMC10298580/ /pubmed/37372945 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms24129798 Text en © 2023 by the authors. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).
spellingShingle Review
Galasso, Letizia
Cappella, Annalisa
Mulè, Antonino
Castelli, Lucia
Ciorciari, Andrea
Stacchiotti, Alessandra
Montaruli, Angela
Polyamines and Physical Activity in Musculoskeletal Diseases: A Potential Therapeutic Challenge
title Polyamines and Physical Activity in Musculoskeletal Diseases: A Potential Therapeutic Challenge
title_full Polyamines and Physical Activity in Musculoskeletal Diseases: A Potential Therapeutic Challenge
title_fullStr Polyamines and Physical Activity in Musculoskeletal Diseases: A Potential Therapeutic Challenge
title_full_unstemmed Polyamines and Physical Activity in Musculoskeletal Diseases: A Potential Therapeutic Challenge
title_short Polyamines and Physical Activity in Musculoskeletal Diseases: A Potential Therapeutic Challenge
title_sort polyamines and physical activity in musculoskeletal diseases: a potential therapeutic challenge
topic Review
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10298580/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/37372945
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms24129798
work_keys_str_mv AT galassoletizia polyaminesandphysicalactivityinmusculoskeletaldiseasesapotentialtherapeuticchallenge
AT cappellaannalisa polyaminesandphysicalactivityinmusculoskeletaldiseasesapotentialtherapeuticchallenge
AT muleantonino polyaminesandphysicalactivityinmusculoskeletaldiseasesapotentialtherapeuticchallenge
AT castellilucia polyaminesandphysicalactivityinmusculoskeletaldiseasesapotentialtherapeuticchallenge
AT ciorciariandrea polyaminesandphysicalactivityinmusculoskeletaldiseasesapotentialtherapeuticchallenge
AT stacchiottialessandra polyaminesandphysicalactivityinmusculoskeletaldiseasesapotentialtherapeuticchallenge
AT montaruliangela polyaminesandphysicalactivityinmusculoskeletaldiseasesapotentialtherapeuticchallenge