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Hyaluronic Acid: A Powerful Biomolecule with Wide-Ranging Applications—A Comprehensive Review

Hyaluronic acid (HA) is a glycosaminoglycan widely distributed in the human body, especially in body fluids and the extracellular matrix of tissues. It plays a crucial role not only in maintaining tissue hydration but also in cellular processes such as proliferation, differentiation, and the inflamm...

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Autores principales: Iaconisi, Giorgia Natalia, Lunetti, Paola, Gallo, Nunzia, Cappello, Anna Rita, Fiermonte, Giuseppe, Dolce, Vincenza, Capobianco, Loredana
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: MDPI 2023
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10299688/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/37373443
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms241210296
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author Iaconisi, Giorgia Natalia
Lunetti, Paola
Gallo, Nunzia
Cappello, Anna Rita
Fiermonte, Giuseppe
Dolce, Vincenza
Capobianco, Loredana
author_facet Iaconisi, Giorgia Natalia
Lunetti, Paola
Gallo, Nunzia
Cappello, Anna Rita
Fiermonte, Giuseppe
Dolce, Vincenza
Capobianco, Loredana
author_sort Iaconisi, Giorgia Natalia
collection PubMed
description Hyaluronic acid (HA) is a glycosaminoglycan widely distributed in the human body, especially in body fluids and the extracellular matrix of tissues. It plays a crucial role not only in maintaining tissue hydration but also in cellular processes such as proliferation, differentiation, and the inflammatory response. HA has demonstrated its efficacy as a powerful bioactive molecule not only for skin antiaging but also in atherosclerosis, cancer, and other pathological conditions. Due to its biocompatibility, biodegradability, non-toxicity, and non-immunogenicity, several HA-based biomedical products have been developed. There is an increasing focus on optimizing HA production processes to achieve high-quality, efficient, and cost-effective products. This review discusses HA’s structure, properties, and production through microbial fermentation. Furthermore, it highlights the bioactive applications of HA in emerging sectors of biomedicine.
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spelling pubmed-102996882023-06-28 Hyaluronic Acid: A Powerful Biomolecule with Wide-Ranging Applications—A Comprehensive Review Iaconisi, Giorgia Natalia Lunetti, Paola Gallo, Nunzia Cappello, Anna Rita Fiermonte, Giuseppe Dolce, Vincenza Capobianco, Loredana Int J Mol Sci Review Hyaluronic acid (HA) is a glycosaminoglycan widely distributed in the human body, especially in body fluids and the extracellular matrix of tissues. It plays a crucial role not only in maintaining tissue hydration but also in cellular processes such as proliferation, differentiation, and the inflammatory response. HA has demonstrated its efficacy as a powerful bioactive molecule not only for skin antiaging but also in atherosclerosis, cancer, and other pathological conditions. Due to its biocompatibility, biodegradability, non-toxicity, and non-immunogenicity, several HA-based biomedical products have been developed. There is an increasing focus on optimizing HA production processes to achieve high-quality, efficient, and cost-effective products. This review discusses HA’s structure, properties, and production through microbial fermentation. Furthermore, it highlights the bioactive applications of HA in emerging sectors of biomedicine. MDPI 2023-06-18 /pmc/articles/PMC10299688/ /pubmed/37373443 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms241210296 Text en © 2023 by the authors. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).
spellingShingle Review
Iaconisi, Giorgia Natalia
Lunetti, Paola
Gallo, Nunzia
Cappello, Anna Rita
Fiermonte, Giuseppe
Dolce, Vincenza
Capobianco, Loredana
Hyaluronic Acid: A Powerful Biomolecule with Wide-Ranging Applications—A Comprehensive Review
title Hyaluronic Acid: A Powerful Biomolecule with Wide-Ranging Applications—A Comprehensive Review
title_full Hyaluronic Acid: A Powerful Biomolecule with Wide-Ranging Applications—A Comprehensive Review
title_fullStr Hyaluronic Acid: A Powerful Biomolecule with Wide-Ranging Applications—A Comprehensive Review
title_full_unstemmed Hyaluronic Acid: A Powerful Biomolecule with Wide-Ranging Applications—A Comprehensive Review
title_short Hyaluronic Acid: A Powerful Biomolecule with Wide-Ranging Applications—A Comprehensive Review
title_sort hyaluronic acid: a powerful biomolecule with wide-ranging applications—a comprehensive review
topic Review
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10299688/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/37373443
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms241210296
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