A cost-effective, ionically conductive and compressible oxychloride solid-state electrolyte for stable all-solid-state lithium-based batteries

To enable the development of all-solid-state batteries, an inorganic solid-state electrolyte should demonstrate high ionic conductivity (i.e., > 1 mS cm(−1) at 25 °C), compressibility (e.g., > 90% density under 250−350 MPa), and cost-effectiveness (e.g., < $50/kg). Here we report the development and preparation of Li(1.75)ZrCl(4.75)O(0.5) oxychloride solid-state electrolyte that demonstrates an ionic conductivity of 2.42 mS cm(−1) at 25 °C, a compressibility enabling 94.2% density under 300 MPa and an estimated raw materials cost of $11.60/kg. As proof of concept, the Li(1.75)ZrCl(4.75)O(0.5) is tested in combination with a LiNi(0.8)Mn(0.1)Co(0.1)O(2)-based positive electrode and a Li(6)PS(5)Cl-coated Li-In negative electrode in lab-scale cell configuration. This all-solid-state cell delivers a discharge capacity retention of 70.34% (final discharge capacity of 70.2 mAh g(−1)) after 2082 cycles at 1 A g(−1), 25 °C and 1.5 tons of stacking pressure.