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Vernal keratoconjunctivitis: Current immunological and clinical evidence and the potential role of omalizumab

Vernal keratoconjunctivitis (VKC) is a severe ocular allergic disease characterized by chronic inflammation of the cornea and conjunctiva that may lead to loss of visual acuity and blindness. The disease occurs primarily in children and is more common in geographical regions characterized by warm te...

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Autores principales: Doan, Serge, Papadopoulos, Nikolaos G., Lee, Jason K., Leonardi, Salvatore, Manti, Sara, Lau, Susanne, Rondon, Carmen, Sharma, Vibha, Pleyer, Uwe, Jaumont, Xavier, Lazarewicz, Slawomir B.
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: World Allergy Organization 2023
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10300397/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/37389200
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.waojou.2023.100788
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author Doan, Serge
Papadopoulos, Nikolaos G.
Lee, Jason K.
Leonardi, Salvatore
Manti, Sara
Lau, Susanne
Rondon, Carmen
Sharma, Vibha
Pleyer, Uwe
Jaumont, Xavier
Lazarewicz, Slawomir B.
author_facet Doan, Serge
Papadopoulos, Nikolaos G.
Lee, Jason K.
Leonardi, Salvatore
Manti, Sara
Lau, Susanne
Rondon, Carmen
Sharma, Vibha
Pleyer, Uwe
Jaumont, Xavier
Lazarewicz, Slawomir B.
author_sort Doan, Serge
collection PubMed
description Vernal keratoconjunctivitis (VKC) is a severe ocular allergic disease characterized by chronic inflammation of the cornea and conjunctiva that may lead to loss of visual acuity and blindness. The disease occurs primarily in children and is more common in geographical regions characterized by warm temperatures and high humidity. The clinical manifestations of VKC, when inadequately treated, may lead to severe complications and corneal damage. The prevalence of allergen sensitization, specific serum immunoglobulin E (IgE), and specific tear IgE was reported in approximately 55%–60% of patients with VKC, confirming the involvement of IgE-mediated and non−IgE-mediated mechanisms in the pathophysiology of the condition. This article explores current knowledge on the immunological pathways of VKC and the role of the monoclonal anti-IgE antibody, omalizumab, in its management. The review evaluated the effects of omalizumab beyond the direct IgE-mediated reactions and discusses its potential as a therapeutic target for VKC. Multiple retrospective analyses, case series, and case reports have reported the effectiveness of omalizumab in the management of VKC. A summary of the clinical data from these studies revealed that in children with VKC omalizumab treatment was well tolerated with improvement or resolution of ocular symptoms, reduction in steroid use, and enhancement of quality of life. Omalizumab may serve as a promising treatment option for VKC due to its ability to target both IgE-mediated and non−IgE-mediated pathophysiological pathways. Larger, controlled clinical trials are needed to support these findings.
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spelling pubmed-103003972023-06-29 Vernal keratoconjunctivitis: Current immunological and clinical evidence and the potential role of omalizumab Doan, Serge Papadopoulos, Nikolaos G. Lee, Jason K. Leonardi, Salvatore Manti, Sara Lau, Susanne Rondon, Carmen Sharma, Vibha Pleyer, Uwe Jaumont, Xavier Lazarewicz, Slawomir B. World Allergy Organ J Review Vernal keratoconjunctivitis (VKC) is a severe ocular allergic disease characterized by chronic inflammation of the cornea and conjunctiva that may lead to loss of visual acuity and blindness. The disease occurs primarily in children and is more common in geographical regions characterized by warm temperatures and high humidity. The clinical manifestations of VKC, when inadequately treated, may lead to severe complications and corneal damage. The prevalence of allergen sensitization, specific serum immunoglobulin E (IgE), and specific tear IgE was reported in approximately 55%–60% of patients with VKC, confirming the involvement of IgE-mediated and non−IgE-mediated mechanisms in the pathophysiology of the condition. This article explores current knowledge on the immunological pathways of VKC and the role of the monoclonal anti-IgE antibody, omalizumab, in its management. The review evaluated the effects of omalizumab beyond the direct IgE-mediated reactions and discusses its potential as a therapeutic target for VKC. Multiple retrospective analyses, case series, and case reports have reported the effectiveness of omalizumab in the management of VKC. A summary of the clinical data from these studies revealed that in children with VKC omalizumab treatment was well tolerated with improvement or resolution of ocular symptoms, reduction in steroid use, and enhancement of quality of life. Omalizumab may serve as a promising treatment option for VKC due to its ability to target both IgE-mediated and non−IgE-mediated pathophysiological pathways. Larger, controlled clinical trials are needed to support these findings. World Allergy Organization 2023-06-15 /pmc/articles/PMC10300397/ /pubmed/37389200 http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.waojou.2023.100788 Text en © 2023 The Authors https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/This is an open access article under the CC BY license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).
spellingShingle Review
Doan, Serge
Papadopoulos, Nikolaos G.
Lee, Jason K.
Leonardi, Salvatore
Manti, Sara
Lau, Susanne
Rondon, Carmen
Sharma, Vibha
Pleyer, Uwe
Jaumont, Xavier
Lazarewicz, Slawomir B.
Vernal keratoconjunctivitis: Current immunological and clinical evidence and the potential role of omalizumab
title Vernal keratoconjunctivitis: Current immunological and clinical evidence and the potential role of omalizumab
title_full Vernal keratoconjunctivitis: Current immunological and clinical evidence and the potential role of omalizumab
title_fullStr Vernal keratoconjunctivitis: Current immunological and clinical evidence and the potential role of omalizumab
title_full_unstemmed Vernal keratoconjunctivitis: Current immunological and clinical evidence and the potential role of omalizumab
title_short Vernal keratoconjunctivitis: Current immunological and clinical evidence and the potential role of omalizumab
title_sort vernal keratoconjunctivitis: current immunological and clinical evidence and the potential role of omalizumab
topic Review
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10300397/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/37389200
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.waojou.2023.100788
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