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Pentagalloyl Glucose: A Review of Anticancer Properties, Molecular Targets, Mechanisms of Action, Pharmacokinetics, and Safety Profile
Pentagalloyl glucose (PGG) is a natural hydrolyzable gallotannin abundant in various plants and herbs. It has a broad range of biological activities, specifically anticancer activities, and numerous molecular targets. Despite multiple studies available on the pharmacological action of PGG, the molec...
Autores principales: | , , , , , , , , , , , |
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
Publicado: |
MDPI
2023
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Materias: | |
Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10300743/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/37375411 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules28124856 |
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author | Wen, Chengli Dechsupa, Nathupakorn Yu, Zehui Zhang, Xu Liang, Sicheng Lei, Xianying Xu, Tao Gao, Xiaolan Hu, Qinxue Innuan, Phattarawadee Kantapan, Jiraporn Lü, Muhan |
author_facet | Wen, Chengli Dechsupa, Nathupakorn Yu, Zehui Zhang, Xu Liang, Sicheng Lei, Xianying Xu, Tao Gao, Xiaolan Hu, Qinxue Innuan, Phattarawadee Kantapan, Jiraporn Lü, Muhan |
author_sort | Wen, Chengli |
collection | PubMed |
description | Pentagalloyl glucose (PGG) is a natural hydrolyzable gallotannin abundant in various plants and herbs. It has a broad range of biological activities, specifically anticancer activities, and numerous molecular targets. Despite multiple studies available on the pharmacological action of PGG, the molecular mechanisms underlying the anticancer effects of PGG are unclear. Here, we have critically reviewed the natural sources of PGG, its anticancer properties, and underlying mechanisms of action. We found that multiple natural sources of PGG are available, and the existing production technology is sufficient to produce large quantities of the required product. Three plants (or their parts) with maximum PGG content were Rhus chinensis Mill, Bouea macrophylla seed, and Mangifera indica kernel. PGG acts on multiple molecular targets and signaling pathways associated with the hallmarks of cancer to inhibit growth, angiogenesis, and metastasis of several cancers. Moreover, PGG can enhance the efficacy of chemotherapy and radiotherapy by modulating various cancer-associated pathways. Therefore, PGG can be used for treating different human cancers; nevertheless, the data on the pharmacokinetics and safety profile of PGG are limited, and further studies are essential to define the clinical use of PGG in cancer therapies. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-10300743 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2023 |
publisher | MDPI |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-103007432023-06-29 Pentagalloyl Glucose: A Review of Anticancer Properties, Molecular Targets, Mechanisms of Action, Pharmacokinetics, and Safety Profile Wen, Chengli Dechsupa, Nathupakorn Yu, Zehui Zhang, Xu Liang, Sicheng Lei, Xianying Xu, Tao Gao, Xiaolan Hu, Qinxue Innuan, Phattarawadee Kantapan, Jiraporn Lü, Muhan Molecules Review Pentagalloyl glucose (PGG) is a natural hydrolyzable gallotannin abundant in various plants and herbs. It has a broad range of biological activities, specifically anticancer activities, and numerous molecular targets. Despite multiple studies available on the pharmacological action of PGG, the molecular mechanisms underlying the anticancer effects of PGG are unclear. Here, we have critically reviewed the natural sources of PGG, its anticancer properties, and underlying mechanisms of action. We found that multiple natural sources of PGG are available, and the existing production technology is sufficient to produce large quantities of the required product. Three plants (or their parts) with maximum PGG content were Rhus chinensis Mill, Bouea macrophylla seed, and Mangifera indica kernel. PGG acts on multiple molecular targets and signaling pathways associated with the hallmarks of cancer to inhibit growth, angiogenesis, and metastasis of several cancers. Moreover, PGG can enhance the efficacy of chemotherapy and radiotherapy by modulating various cancer-associated pathways. Therefore, PGG can be used for treating different human cancers; nevertheless, the data on the pharmacokinetics and safety profile of PGG are limited, and further studies are essential to define the clinical use of PGG in cancer therapies. MDPI 2023-06-19 /pmc/articles/PMC10300743/ /pubmed/37375411 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules28124856 Text en © 2023 by the authors. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/). |
spellingShingle | Review Wen, Chengli Dechsupa, Nathupakorn Yu, Zehui Zhang, Xu Liang, Sicheng Lei, Xianying Xu, Tao Gao, Xiaolan Hu, Qinxue Innuan, Phattarawadee Kantapan, Jiraporn Lü, Muhan Pentagalloyl Glucose: A Review of Anticancer Properties, Molecular Targets, Mechanisms of Action, Pharmacokinetics, and Safety Profile |
title | Pentagalloyl Glucose: A Review of Anticancer Properties, Molecular Targets, Mechanisms of Action, Pharmacokinetics, and Safety Profile |
title_full | Pentagalloyl Glucose: A Review of Anticancer Properties, Molecular Targets, Mechanisms of Action, Pharmacokinetics, and Safety Profile |
title_fullStr | Pentagalloyl Glucose: A Review of Anticancer Properties, Molecular Targets, Mechanisms of Action, Pharmacokinetics, and Safety Profile |
title_full_unstemmed | Pentagalloyl Glucose: A Review of Anticancer Properties, Molecular Targets, Mechanisms of Action, Pharmacokinetics, and Safety Profile |
title_short | Pentagalloyl Glucose: A Review of Anticancer Properties, Molecular Targets, Mechanisms of Action, Pharmacokinetics, and Safety Profile |
title_sort | pentagalloyl glucose: a review of anticancer properties, molecular targets, mechanisms of action, pharmacokinetics, and safety profile |
topic | Review |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10300743/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/37375411 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules28124856 |
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