Superelastic Nickel–Titanium (NiTi)-Based Smart Alloys for Enhancing the Performance of Concrete Structures

Recent advances in materials science have led to the development of smart materials that can continuously adapt to different loading conditions and changing environment to meet the growing demand for smart structural systems. The unique characteristics of superelastic NiTi shape memory alloys (SMAs) have attracted the attention of structural engineers worldwide. SMAs are metallic materials that can retrieve their original shape upon exposure to various temperatures or loading/unloading conditions with minimal residual deformation. SMAs have found increasing applications in the building industry because of their high strength, high actuation and damping capacities, good durability, and superior fatigue resistance. Despite the research conducted on the structural applications of SMAs during the previous decades, the existing literature lacks reviews on their recent uses in building industry such as prestressing concrete beams, seismic strengthening of footing–column connections, and fiber-reinforced concrete. Furthermore, scarce research exists on their performance under corrosive environments, elevated temperatures, and intensive fires. Moreover, the high manufacturing cost of SMA and the lack of knowledge transfer from research to practice are the main obstacles behind their limited use in concrete structures. This paper sheds light on the latest progress made in the applications of SMA in reinforced concrete structures during the last two decades. In addition, the paper concludes with the recommendations and future opportunities associated with expanding the use of SMA in civil infrastructures.