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Antiseizure Medication-Induced Alopecia: A Literature Review

Background: Adverse effects of antiseizure medications (ASMs) remain one of the major causes of non-adherence. Cosmetic side effects (CSEs) are among the most commonly reported side effects of ASMs. In this context, alopecia is one of the CSEs that has a high intolerance rate leading to poor therape...

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Autores principales: Pitton Rissardo, Jamir, Fornari Caprara, Ana Leticia, Casares, Maritsa, Skinner, Holly J., Hamid, Umair
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: MDPI 2023
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10301592/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/37367730
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/medicines10060035
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author Pitton Rissardo, Jamir
Fornari Caprara, Ana Leticia
Casares, Maritsa
Skinner, Holly J.
Hamid, Umair
author_facet Pitton Rissardo, Jamir
Fornari Caprara, Ana Leticia
Casares, Maritsa
Skinner, Holly J.
Hamid, Umair
author_sort Pitton Rissardo, Jamir
collection PubMed
description Background: Adverse effects of antiseizure medications (ASMs) remain one of the major causes of non-adherence. Cosmetic side effects (CSEs) are among the most commonly reported side effects of ASMs. In this context, alopecia is one of the CSEs that has a high intolerance rate leading to poor therapeutical compliance. Methods: We performed a literature review concerning alopecia as a secondary effect of ASMs. Results: There are 1656 individuals reported with ASM-induced alopecia. Valproate (983), lamotrigine (355), and carbamazepine (225) have been extensively reported. Other ASMs associated with alopecia were cenobamate (18), levetiracetam (14), topiramate (13), lacosamide (7), vigabatrin (6), phenobarbital (5), gabapentin (5), phenytoin (4), pregabalin (4), eslicarbazepine (3), brivaracetam (2), clobazam (2), perampanel (2), trimethadione (2), rufinamide (2), zonisamide (2), primidone (1), and tiagabine (1). There were no reports of oxcarbazepine and felbamate with drug-induced alopecia. Hair loss seen with ASMs was diffuse and non-scarring. Telogen effluvium was the most common cause of alopecia. A characteristic feature was the reversibility of alopecia after ASM dose adjustment. Conclusions: Alopecia should be considered one important adverse effect of ASMs. Patients reporting hair loss with ASM therapy should be further investigated, and specialist consultation is recommended.
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spelling pubmed-103015922023-06-29 Antiseizure Medication-Induced Alopecia: A Literature Review Pitton Rissardo, Jamir Fornari Caprara, Ana Leticia Casares, Maritsa Skinner, Holly J. Hamid, Umair Medicines (Basel) Review Background: Adverse effects of antiseizure medications (ASMs) remain one of the major causes of non-adherence. Cosmetic side effects (CSEs) are among the most commonly reported side effects of ASMs. In this context, alopecia is one of the CSEs that has a high intolerance rate leading to poor therapeutical compliance. Methods: We performed a literature review concerning alopecia as a secondary effect of ASMs. Results: There are 1656 individuals reported with ASM-induced alopecia. Valproate (983), lamotrigine (355), and carbamazepine (225) have been extensively reported. Other ASMs associated with alopecia were cenobamate (18), levetiracetam (14), topiramate (13), lacosamide (7), vigabatrin (6), phenobarbital (5), gabapentin (5), phenytoin (4), pregabalin (4), eslicarbazepine (3), brivaracetam (2), clobazam (2), perampanel (2), trimethadione (2), rufinamide (2), zonisamide (2), primidone (1), and tiagabine (1). There were no reports of oxcarbazepine and felbamate with drug-induced alopecia. Hair loss seen with ASMs was diffuse and non-scarring. Telogen effluvium was the most common cause of alopecia. A characteristic feature was the reversibility of alopecia after ASM dose adjustment. Conclusions: Alopecia should be considered one important adverse effect of ASMs. Patients reporting hair loss with ASM therapy should be further investigated, and specialist consultation is recommended. MDPI 2023-06-09 /pmc/articles/PMC10301592/ /pubmed/37367730 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/medicines10060035 Text en © 2023 by the authors. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).
spellingShingle Review
Pitton Rissardo, Jamir
Fornari Caprara, Ana Leticia
Casares, Maritsa
Skinner, Holly J.
Hamid, Umair
Antiseizure Medication-Induced Alopecia: A Literature Review
title Antiseizure Medication-Induced Alopecia: A Literature Review
title_full Antiseizure Medication-Induced Alopecia: A Literature Review
title_fullStr Antiseizure Medication-Induced Alopecia: A Literature Review
title_full_unstemmed Antiseizure Medication-Induced Alopecia: A Literature Review
title_short Antiseizure Medication-Induced Alopecia: A Literature Review
title_sort antiseizure medication-induced alopecia: a literature review
topic Review
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10301592/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/37367730
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/medicines10060035
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