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The Janus-Faced Role of Lipid Droplets in Aging: Insights from the Cellular Perspective

It is widely accepted that nine hallmarks—including mitochondrial dysfunction, epigenetic alterations, and loss of proteostasis—exist that describe the cellular aging process. Adding to this, a well-described cell organelle in the metabolic context, namely, lipid droplets, also accumulates with incr...

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Autores principales: Bresgen, Nikolaus, Kovacs, Melanie, Lahnsteiner, Angelika, Felder, Thomas Klaus, Rinnerthaler, Mark
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: MDPI 2023
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10301655/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/37371492
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/biom13060912
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author Bresgen, Nikolaus
Kovacs, Melanie
Lahnsteiner, Angelika
Felder, Thomas Klaus
Rinnerthaler, Mark
author_facet Bresgen, Nikolaus
Kovacs, Melanie
Lahnsteiner, Angelika
Felder, Thomas Klaus
Rinnerthaler, Mark
author_sort Bresgen, Nikolaus
collection PubMed
description It is widely accepted that nine hallmarks—including mitochondrial dysfunction, epigenetic alterations, and loss of proteostasis—exist that describe the cellular aging process. Adding to this, a well-described cell organelle in the metabolic context, namely, lipid droplets, also accumulates with increasing age, which can be regarded as a further aging-associated process. Independently of their essential role as fat stores, lipid droplets are also able to control cell integrity by mitigating lipotoxic and proteotoxic insults. As we will show in this review, numerous longevity interventions (such as mTOR inhibition) also lead to strong accumulation of lipid droplets in Saccharomyces cerevisiae, Caenorhabditis elegans, Drosophila melanogaster, and mammalian cells, just to name a few examples. In mammals, due to the variety of different cell types and tissues, the role of lipid droplets during the aging process is much more complex. Using selected diseases associated with aging, such as Alzheimer’s disease, Parkinson’s disease, type II diabetes, and cardiovascular disease, we show that lipid droplets are “Janus”-faced. In an early phase of the disease, lipid droplets mitigate the toxicity of lipid peroxidation and protein aggregates, but in a later phase of the disease, a strong accumulation of lipid droplets can cause problems for cells and tissues.
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spelling pubmed-103016552023-06-29 The Janus-Faced Role of Lipid Droplets in Aging: Insights from the Cellular Perspective Bresgen, Nikolaus Kovacs, Melanie Lahnsteiner, Angelika Felder, Thomas Klaus Rinnerthaler, Mark Biomolecules Review It is widely accepted that nine hallmarks—including mitochondrial dysfunction, epigenetic alterations, and loss of proteostasis—exist that describe the cellular aging process. Adding to this, a well-described cell organelle in the metabolic context, namely, lipid droplets, also accumulates with increasing age, which can be regarded as a further aging-associated process. Independently of their essential role as fat stores, lipid droplets are also able to control cell integrity by mitigating lipotoxic and proteotoxic insults. As we will show in this review, numerous longevity interventions (such as mTOR inhibition) also lead to strong accumulation of lipid droplets in Saccharomyces cerevisiae, Caenorhabditis elegans, Drosophila melanogaster, and mammalian cells, just to name a few examples. In mammals, due to the variety of different cell types and tissues, the role of lipid droplets during the aging process is much more complex. Using selected diseases associated with aging, such as Alzheimer’s disease, Parkinson’s disease, type II diabetes, and cardiovascular disease, we show that lipid droplets are “Janus”-faced. In an early phase of the disease, lipid droplets mitigate the toxicity of lipid peroxidation and protein aggregates, but in a later phase of the disease, a strong accumulation of lipid droplets can cause problems for cells and tissues. MDPI 2023-05-30 /pmc/articles/PMC10301655/ /pubmed/37371492 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/biom13060912 Text en © 2023 by the authors. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).
spellingShingle Review
Bresgen, Nikolaus
Kovacs, Melanie
Lahnsteiner, Angelika
Felder, Thomas Klaus
Rinnerthaler, Mark
The Janus-Faced Role of Lipid Droplets in Aging: Insights from the Cellular Perspective
title The Janus-Faced Role of Lipid Droplets in Aging: Insights from the Cellular Perspective
title_full The Janus-Faced Role of Lipid Droplets in Aging: Insights from the Cellular Perspective
title_fullStr The Janus-Faced Role of Lipid Droplets in Aging: Insights from the Cellular Perspective
title_full_unstemmed The Janus-Faced Role of Lipid Droplets in Aging: Insights from the Cellular Perspective
title_short The Janus-Faced Role of Lipid Droplets in Aging: Insights from the Cellular Perspective
title_sort janus-faced role of lipid droplets in aging: insights from the cellular perspective
topic Review
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10301655/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/37371492
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/biom13060912
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