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Investigating Non-Pharmacological Stress Reduction Interventions in Pediatric Patients Confirmed with Salivary Cortisol Levels: A Systematic Review
For many children, hospitalization can lead to a state of increased anxiety. Being away from home, the invasive procedures undertaken, and the uncertainty of the outcome cause an uncomfortable situation in anticipation of real or imagined hazards. This systematic review aims to assess current eviden...
Autores principales: | , , , , , , , |
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
Publicado: |
MDPI
2023
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Materias: | |
Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10302640/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/37368364 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/pediatric15020031 |
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author | Grigoropoulou, Maria Kapetanakis, Emmanouil I. Attilakos, Achilleas Charalampopoulos, Anestis Dimopoulou, Anastasia Vamvakas, Efstratios Mavrigiannaki, Eleftheria Zavras, Nikolaos |
author_facet | Grigoropoulou, Maria Kapetanakis, Emmanouil I. Attilakos, Achilleas Charalampopoulos, Anestis Dimopoulou, Anastasia Vamvakas, Efstratios Mavrigiannaki, Eleftheria Zavras, Nikolaos |
author_sort | Grigoropoulou, Maria |
collection | PubMed |
description | For many children, hospitalization can lead to a state of increased anxiety. Being away from home, the invasive procedures undertaken, and the uncertainty of the outcome cause an uncomfortable situation in anticipation of real or imagined hazards. This systematic review aims to assess current evidence on the types of non-pharmacological interventions used and their impact on children’s anxiety or distress levels when they visit the hospital for planned or unplanned admissions. The Databases PubMed, Psych INFO, and Google Scholar were queried for papers published from January 2000 to March 2023 reporting the use of non-pharmacological interventions interacting with children in hospital or clinical environments and confirmed with saliva cortisol levels. A total of nine studies were retrieved. Across these studies, four different strategies of non-pharmacological interventions were used. Anxiety and distress were found to be reduced in the majority of the studies as confirmed with salivary cortisol. Overall, there is evidence that non-pharmacological interventions hold a promising role in reducing levels of anxiety or distress in children as confirmed with saliva cortisol. However, research on saliva cortisol as a tool of anxiety measurement requires higher quality studies to strengthen the evidence base. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-10302640 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2023 |
publisher | MDPI |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-103026402023-06-29 Investigating Non-Pharmacological Stress Reduction Interventions in Pediatric Patients Confirmed with Salivary Cortisol Levels: A Systematic Review Grigoropoulou, Maria Kapetanakis, Emmanouil I. Attilakos, Achilleas Charalampopoulos, Anestis Dimopoulou, Anastasia Vamvakas, Efstratios Mavrigiannaki, Eleftheria Zavras, Nikolaos Pediatr Rep Systematic Review For many children, hospitalization can lead to a state of increased anxiety. Being away from home, the invasive procedures undertaken, and the uncertainty of the outcome cause an uncomfortable situation in anticipation of real or imagined hazards. This systematic review aims to assess current evidence on the types of non-pharmacological interventions used and their impact on children’s anxiety or distress levels when they visit the hospital for planned or unplanned admissions. The Databases PubMed, Psych INFO, and Google Scholar were queried for papers published from January 2000 to March 2023 reporting the use of non-pharmacological interventions interacting with children in hospital or clinical environments and confirmed with saliva cortisol levels. A total of nine studies were retrieved. Across these studies, four different strategies of non-pharmacological interventions were used. Anxiety and distress were found to be reduced in the majority of the studies as confirmed with salivary cortisol. Overall, there is evidence that non-pharmacological interventions hold a promising role in reducing levels of anxiety or distress in children as confirmed with saliva cortisol. However, research on saliva cortisol as a tool of anxiety measurement requires higher quality studies to strengthen the evidence base. MDPI 2023-06-01 /pmc/articles/PMC10302640/ /pubmed/37368364 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/pediatric15020031 Text en © 2023 by the authors. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/). |
spellingShingle | Systematic Review Grigoropoulou, Maria Kapetanakis, Emmanouil I. Attilakos, Achilleas Charalampopoulos, Anestis Dimopoulou, Anastasia Vamvakas, Efstratios Mavrigiannaki, Eleftheria Zavras, Nikolaos Investigating Non-Pharmacological Stress Reduction Interventions in Pediatric Patients Confirmed with Salivary Cortisol Levels: A Systematic Review |
title | Investigating Non-Pharmacological Stress Reduction Interventions in Pediatric Patients Confirmed with Salivary Cortisol Levels: A Systematic Review |
title_full | Investigating Non-Pharmacological Stress Reduction Interventions in Pediatric Patients Confirmed with Salivary Cortisol Levels: A Systematic Review |
title_fullStr | Investigating Non-Pharmacological Stress Reduction Interventions in Pediatric Patients Confirmed with Salivary Cortisol Levels: A Systematic Review |
title_full_unstemmed | Investigating Non-Pharmacological Stress Reduction Interventions in Pediatric Patients Confirmed with Salivary Cortisol Levels: A Systematic Review |
title_short | Investigating Non-Pharmacological Stress Reduction Interventions in Pediatric Patients Confirmed with Salivary Cortisol Levels: A Systematic Review |
title_sort | investigating non-pharmacological stress reduction interventions in pediatric patients confirmed with salivary cortisol levels: a systematic review |
topic | Systematic Review |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10302640/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/37368364 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/pediatric15020031 |
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