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Spray Flame Synthesis and Multiscale Characterization of Carbon Black–Silica Hetero-Aggregates

The increasing demand for lithium-ion batteries requires constant improvements in the areas of production and recycling to reduce their environmental impact. In this context, this work presents a method for structuring carbon black aggregates by adding colloidal silica via a spray flame with the goa...

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Autores principales: Buchheiser, Simon, Kistner, Ferdinand, Rhein, Frank, Nirschl, Hermann
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: MDPI 2023
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10302686/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/37368323
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nano13121893
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author Buchheiser, Simon
Kistner, Ferdinand
Rhein, Frank
Nirschl, Hermann
author_facet Buchheiser, Simon
Kistner, Ferdinand
Rhein, Frank
Nirschl, Hermann
author_sort Buchheiser, Simon
collection PubMed
description The increasing demand for lithium-ion batteries requires constant improvements in the areas of production and recycling to reduce their environmental impact. In this context, this work presents a method for structuring carbon black aggregates by adding colloidal silica via a spray flame with the goal of opening up more choices for polymeric binders. The main focus of this research lies in the multiscale characterization of the aggregate properties via small-angle X-ray scattering, analytical disc centrifugation and electron microscopy. The results show successful formation of sinter-bridges between silica and carbon black leading to an increase in hydrodynamic aggregate diameter from 201 nm to up to 357 nm, with no significant changes in primary particle properties. However, segregation and coalescence of silica particles was identified for higher mass ratios of silica to carbon black, resulting in a reduction in the homogeneity of the hetero-aggregates. This effect was particularly evident for silica particles with larger diameters of 60 nm. Consequently, optimal conditions for hetero-aggregation were identified at mass ratios below 1 and particle sizes around 10 nm, at which homogenous distributions of silica within the carbon black structure were achieved. The results emphasise the general applicability of hetero-aggregation via spray flames with possible applications as battery materials.
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spelling pubmed-103026862023-06-29 Spray Flame Synthesis and Multiscale Characterization of Carbon Black–Silica Hetero-Aggregates Buchheiser, Simon Kistner, Ferdinand Rhein, Frank Nirschl, Hermann Nanomaterials (Basel) Article The increasing demand for lithium-ion batteries requires constant improvements in the areas of production and recycling to reduce their environmental impact. In this context, this work presents a method for structuring carbon black aggregates by adding colloidal silica via a spray flame with the goal of opening up more choices for polymeric binders. The main focus of this research lies in the multiscale characterization of the aggregate properties via small-angle X-ray scattering, analytical disc centrifugation and electron microscopy. The results show successful formation of sinter-bridges between silica and carbon black leading to an increase in hydrodynamic aggregate diameter from 201 nm to up to 357 nm, with no significant changes in primary particle properties. However, segregation and coalescence of silica particles was identified for higher mass ratios of silica to carbon black, resulting in a reduction in the homogeneity of the hetero-aggregates. This effect was particularly evident for silica particles with larger diameters of 60 nm. Consequently, optimal conditions for hetero-aggregation were identified at mass ratios below 1 and particle sizes around 10 nm, at which homogenous distributions of silica within the carbon black structure were achieved. The results emphasise the general applicability of hetero-aggregation via spray flames with possible applications as battery materials. MDPI 2023-06-20 /pmc/articles/PMC10302686/ /pubmed/37368323 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nano13121893 Text en © 2023 by the authors. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).
spellingShingle Article
Buchheiser, Simon
Kistner, Ferdinand
Rhein, Frank
Nirschl, Hermann
Spray Flame Synthesis and Multiscale Characterization of Carbon Black–Silica Hetero-Aggregates
title Spray Flame Synthesis and Multiscale Characterization of Carbon Black–Silica Hetero-Aggregates
title_full Spray Flame Synthesis and Multiscale Characterization of Carbon Black–Silica Hetero-Aggregates
title_fullStr Spray Flame Synthesis and Multiscale Characterization of Carbon Black–Silica Hetero-Aggregates
title_full_unstemmed Spray Flame Synthesis and Multiscale Characterization of Carbon Black–Silica Hetero-Aggregates
title_short Spray Flame Synthesis and Multiscale Characterization of Carbon Black–Silica Hetero-Aggregates
title_sort spray flame synthesis and multiscale characterization of carbon black–silica hetero-aggregates
topic Article
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10302686/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/37368323
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nano13121893
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