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Etiology, Predisposing Factors, Clinical Features and Diagnostic Procedure of Otomycosis: A Literature Review

Otomycosis (OM) is a superficial fungal infection of the external auditory canal (EAC) with a worldwide prevalence ranging from 9% to 30%. Commonly, otomycoses are caused by Aspergillus (A.) niger complex and Candida spp. Other causative agents are yeasts of the genera Cryptococcus spp., Rhodotorula...

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Autores principales: Bojanović, Mila, Stalević, Marko, Arsić-Arsenijević, Valentina, Ignjatović, Aleksandra, Ranđelović, Marina, Golubović, Milan, Živković-Marinkov, Emilija, Koraćević, Goran, Stamenković, Bojana, Otašević, Suzana
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: MDPI 2023
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10302809/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/37367598
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jof9060662
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author Bojanović, Mila
Stalević, Marko
Arsić-Arsenijević, Valentina
Ignjatović, Aleksandra
Ranđelović, Marina
Golubović, Milan
Živković-Marinkov, Emilija
Koraćević, Goran
Stamenković, Bojana
Otašević, Suzana
author_facet Bojanović, Mila
Stalević, Marko
Arsić-Arsenijević, Valentina
Ignjatović, Aleksandra
Ranđelović, Marina
Golubović, Milan
Živković-Marinkov, Emilija
Koraćević, Goran
Stamenković, Bojana
Otašević, Suzana
author_sort Bojanović, Mila
collection PubMed
description Otomycosis (OM) is a superficial fungal infection of the external auditory canal (EAC) with a worldwide prevalence ranging from 9% to 30%. Commonly, otomycoses are caused by Aspergillus (A.) niger complex and Candida spp. Other causative agents are yeasts of the genera Cryptococcus spp., Rhodotorula spp., Geotrichum candidum, dermatophytes (Trichophyton mentagrophytes), and non-dermatophytes molds (Fusarium spp., Penicillium spp., Mucorales fungi). The widest range of different species causing OM are found in the territories of Iran, India, China, Egypt, Mexico, and Brazil. Fungal infection of the EAC varies from mild to severe forms. It can be acute, subacute, or chronic, and is often unilateral, while the bilateral form is more common in immunocompromised patients. From an epidemiological point of view, tropical and subtropical climates are the most significant risk factor for the development of otomycosis. Other predisposing conditions include clothing habits, EAC hygiene practices, long-term antibiotic therapy, diabetes, and immunodeficiency. Since it is often difficult to distinguish otomycosis from an infection of a different origin, laboratory-based evidence, including standard procedures (microscopy and cultivation), is essential for diagnosis. For the treatment of this superficial fungal infection, there are no official therapeutic guidelines and protocols. However, many antifungals for local application, such as polyene, imidazoles, and allylamines, can be applied, as well as systemic antimycotics (triazoles) in severe forms of infection.
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spelling pubmed-103028092023-06-29 Etiology, Predisposing Factors, Clinical Features and Diagnostic Procedure of Otomycosis: A Literature Review Bojanović, Mila Stalević, Marko Arsić-Arsenijević, Valentina Ignjatović, Aleksandra Ranđelović, Marina Golubović, Milan Živković-Marinkov, Emilija Koraćević, Goran Stamenković, Bojana Otašević, Suzana J Fungi (Basel) Review Otomycosis (OM) is a superficial fungal infection of the external auditory canal (EAC) with a worldwide prevalence ranging from 9% to 30%. Commonly, otomycoses are caused by Aspergillus (A.) niger complex and Candida spp. Other causative agents are yeasts of the genera Cryptococcus spp., Rhodotorula spp., Geotrichum candidum, dermatophytes (Trichophyton mentagrophytes), and non-dermatophytes molds (Fusarium spp., Penicillium spp., Mucorales fungi). The widest range of different species causing OM are found in the territories of Iran, India, China, Egypt, Mexico, and Brazil. Fungal infection of the EAC varies from mild to severe forms. It can be acute, subacute, or chronic, and is often unilateral, while the bilateral form is more common in immunocompromised patients. From an epidemiological point of view, tropical and subtropical climates are the most significant risk factor for the development of otomycosis. Other predisposing conditions include clothing habits, EAC hygiene practices, long-term antibiotic therapy, diabetes, and immunodeficiency. Since it is often difficult to distinguish otomycosis from an infection of a different origin, laboratory-based evidence, including standard procedures (microscopy and cultivation), is essential for diagnosis. For the treatment of this superficial fungal infection, there are no official therapeutic guidelines and protocols. However, many antifungals for local application, such as polyene, imidazoles, and allylamines, can be applied, as well as systemic antimycotics (triazoles) in severe forms of infection. MDPI 2023-06-13 /pmc/articles/PMC10302809/ /pubmed/37367598 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jof9060662 Text en © 2023 by the authors. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).
spellingShingle Review
Bojanović, Mila
Stalević, Marko
Arsić-Arsenijević, Valentina
Ignjatović, Aleksandra
Ranđelović, Marina
Golubović, Milan
Živković-Marinkov, Emilija
Koraćević, Goran
Stamenković, Bojana
Otašević, Suzana
Etiology, Predisposing Factors, Clinical Features and Diagnostic Procedure of Otomycosis: A Literature Review
title Etiology, Predisposing Factors, Clinical Features and Diagnostic Procedure of Otomycosis: A Literature Review
title_full Etiology, Predisposing Factors, Clinical Features and Diagnostic Procedure of Otomycosis: A Literature Review
title_fullStr Etiology, Predisposing Factors, Clinical Features and Diagnostic Procedure of Otomycosis: A Literature Review
title_full_unstemmed Etiology, Predisposing Factors, Clinical Features and Diagnostic Procedure of Otomycosis: A Literature Review
title_short Etiology, Predisposing Factors, Clinical Features and Diagnostic Procedure of Otomycosis: A Literature Review
title_sort etiology, predisposing factors, clinical features and diagnostic procedure of otomycosis: a literature review
topic Review
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10302809/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/37367598
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jof9060662
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