Cargando…

Ultrasensitive Surface Plasmon Resonance Sensor with a Feature of Dynamically Tunable Sensitivity and High Figure of Merit for Cancer Detection

Cancer is one of the leading causes of death worldwide, and it is well known that an early detection of cancer in a human body will provide an opportunity to cure the cancer. Early detection of cancer depends on the sensitivity of the measuring device and method, where the lowest detectable concentr...

Descripción completa

Detalles Bibliográficos
Autores principales: Gollapalli, Ravi, Phillips, Jonathan, Paul, Puneet
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: MDPI 2023
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10302857/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/37420756
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s23125590
_version_ 1785065141941829632
author Gollapalli, Ravi
Phillips, Jonathan
Paul, Puneet
author_facet Gollapalli, Ravi
Phillips, Jonathan
Paul, Puneet
author_sort Gollapalli, Ravi
collection PubMed
description Cancer is one of the leading causes of death worldwide, and it is well known that an early detection of cancer in a human body will provide an opportunity to cure the cancer. Early detection of cancer depends on the sensitivity of the measuring device and method, where the lowest detectable concentration of the cancerous cell in a test sample becomes a matter of high importance. Recently, Surface Plasmon Resonance (SPR) has proven to be a promising method to detect cancerous cells. The SPR method is based on the detection of changes in refractive indices of samples under testing and the sensitivity of such a SPR based sensor is related to the smallest detectable change in the refractive index of the sample. There exist many techniques where different combinations of metals, metal alloys and different configurations have been shown to lead to high sensitivities of the SPR sensors. Based on the difference in the refractive index between a normal healthy cell and a cancerous cell, recently, SPR method has been shown to be applicable to detect different types of cancers. In this work, we propose a new sensor surface configuration that comprises of gold-silver-graphene-black phosphorus to detect different cancerous cells based on the SPR method. Additionally, recently we proposed that the application of electric field across gold-graphene layers that form the SPR sensor surface can provide enhanced sensitivity than that is possible without the application of electrical bias. We utilized the same concept and numerically studied the impact of electrical bias across the gold-graphene layers combined with silver and black Phosphorus layers which forms the SPR sensor surface. Our numerical results have shown that electrical bias across the sensor surface in this new heterostructure can provide enhanced sensitivity compared to the original unbiased sensor surface. Not only that, our results have shown that as the electrical bias increases, the sensitivity increases up to a certain value and stabilizes at a still improved sensitivity value. Such dependence of sensitivity on the applied bias provides a dynamic tunability of the sensitivity and figure-of-merit (FOM) of the sensor to detect different types of cancer. In this work, we used the proposed heterostructure to detect six different types of cancers: Basal, Hela, Jurkat, PC12, MDA-MB-231, and MCF-7. Comparing our results to work published recently, we were able to achieve an enhanced sensitivity ranging from 97.2 to 1851.4 (deg/RIU) and FOM values ranging from 62.13 to 89.81 far above the values presented recently by other researchers.
format Online
Article
Text
id pubmed-10302857
institution National Center for Biotechnology Information
language English
publishDate 2023
publisher MDPI
record_format MEDLINE/PubMed
spelling pubmed-103028572023-06-29 Ultrasensitive Surface Plasmon Resonance Sensor with a Feature of Dynamically Tunable Sensitivity and High Figure of Merit for Cancer Detection Gollapalli, Ravi Phillips, Jonathan Paul, Puneet Sensors (Basel) Article Cancer is one of the leading causes of death worldwide, and it is well known that an early detection of cancer in a human body will provide an opportunity to cure the cancer. Early detection of cancer depends on the sensitivity of the measuring device and method, where the lowest detectable concentration of the cancerous cell in a test sample becomes a matter of high importance. Recently, Surface Plasmon Resonance (SPR) has proven to be a promising method to detect cancerous cells. The SPR method is based on the detection of changes in refractive indices of samples under testing and the sensitivity of such a SPR based sensor is related to the smallest detectable change in the refractive index of the sample. There exist many techniques where different combinations of metals, metal alloys and different configurations have been shown to lead to high sensitivities of the SPR sensors. Based on the difference in the refractive index between a normal healthy cell and a cancerous cell, recently, SPR method has been shown to be applicable to detect different types of cancers. In this work, we propose a new sensor surface configuration that comprises of gold-silver-graphene-black phosphorus to detect different cancerous cells based on the SPR method. Additionally, recently we proposed that the application of electric field across gold-graphene layers that form the SPR sensor surface can provide enhanced sensitivity than that is possible without the application of electrical bias. We utilized the same concept and numerically studied the impact of electrical bias across the gold-graphene layers combined with silver and black Phosphorus layers which forms the SPR sensor surface. Our numerical results have shown that electrical bias across the sensor surface in this new heterostructure can provide enhanced sensitivity compared to the original unbiased sensor surface. Not only that, our results have shown that as the electrical bias increases, the sensitivity increases up to a certain value and stabilizes at a still improved sensitivity value. Such dependence of sensitivity on the applied bias provides a dynamic tunability of the sensitivity and figure-of-merit (FOM) of the sensor to detect different types of cancer. In this work, we used the proposed heterostructure to detect six different types of cancers: Basal, Hela, Jurkat, PC12, MDA-MB-231, and MCF-7. Comparing our results to work published recently, we were able to achieve an enhanced sensitivity ranging from 97.2 to 1851.4 (deg/RIU) and FOM values ranging from 62.13 to 89.81 far above the values presented recently by other researchers. MDPI 2023-06-14 /pmc/articles/PMC10302857/ /pubmed/37420756 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s23125590 Text en © 2023 by the authors. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).
spellingShingle Article
Gollapalli, Ravi
Phillips, Jonathan
Paul, Puneet
Ultrasensitive Surface Plasmon Resonance Sensor with a Feature of Dynamically Tunable Sensitivity and High Figure of Merit for Cancer Detection
title Ultrasensitive Surface Plasmon Resonance Sensor with a Feature of Dynamically Tunable Sensitivity and High Figure of Merit for Cancer Detection
title_full Ultrasensitive Surface Plasmon Resonance Sensor with a Feature of Dynamically Tunable Sensitivity and High Figure of Merit for Cancer Detection
title_fullStr Ultrasensitive Surface Plasmon Resonance Sensor with a Feature of Dynamically Tunable Sensitivity and High Figure of Merit for Cancer Detection
title_full_unstemmed Ultrasensitive Surface Plasmon Resonance Sensor with a Feature of Dynamically Tunable Sensitivity and High Figure of Merit for Cancer Detection
title_short Ultrasensitive Surface Plasmon Resonance Sensor with a Feature of Dynamically Tunable Sensitivity and High Figure of Merit for Cancer Detection
title_sort ultrasensitive surface plasmon resonance sensor with a feature of dynamically tunable sensitivity and high figure of merit for cancer detection
topic Article
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10302857/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/37420756
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s23125590
work_keys_str_mv AT gollapalliravi ultrasensitivesurfaceplasmonresonancesensorwithafeatureofdynamicallytunablesensitivityandhighfigureofmeritforcancerdetection
AT phillipsjonathan ultrasensitivesurfaceplasmonresonancesensorwithafeatureofdynamicallytunablesensitivityandhighfigureofmeritforcancerdetection
AT paulpuneet ultrasensitivesurfaceplasmonresonancesensorwithafeatureofdynamicallytunablesensitivityandhighfigureofmeritforcancerdetection