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Adaptation of a Standard Method for Water Absorption Testing of Stone Materials: The Case of a Hydrophilic Protective Coating

The historical stone heritage that we inherit must be passed on to future generations, not only in the same conditions that we found it but, if possible, in better ones. Construction also demands better and more durable materials, often stone. The protection of these materials requires knowledge of...

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Autores principales: Búrdalo-Salcedo, Gabriel, Rodríguez, Indira, Fernández-Raga, María, Fernández-Raga, Sagrario, Rodríguez-Fernández, Carlos, González-Domínguez, José Miguel
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: MDPI 2023
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10303010/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/37374414
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma16124228
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author Búrdalo-Salcedo, Gabriel
Rodríguez, Indira
Fernández-Raga, María
Fernández-Raga, Sagrario
Rodríguez-Fernández, Carlos
González-Domínguez, José Miguel
author_facet Búrdalo-Salcedo, Gabriel
Rodríguez, Indira
Fernández-Raga, María
Fernández-Raga, Sagrario
Rodríguez-Fernández, Carlos
González-Domínguez, José Miguel
author_sort Búrdalo-Salcedo, Gabriel
collection PubMed
description The historical stone heritage that we inherit must be passed on to future generations, not only in the same conditions that we found it but, if possible, in better ones. Construction also demands better and more durable materials, often stone. The protection of these materials requires knowledge of the types of rocks and their physical properties. The characterization of these properties is often standardized to ensure the quality and reproducibility of the protocols. These must be approved by entities whose purpose is to improve the quality and competitiveness of companies and to protect the environment. Standardized water absorption tests could be envisaged to test the effectiveness of certain coatings in protecting natural stone against water penetration, but we found that some steps of these protocols neglect any surface modification of the stones, and hence may not be completely effective when a hydrophilic protective coating (i.e., graphene oxide) is present. In this work, we analyze the UNE 13755/2008 standard for water absorption and propose alternative steps to adapt the norm for use with coated stones. The properties of coated stones may invalidate the interpretation of the results if the standard protocol is applied as is, so here we pay special attention to the characteristics of the coating applied, the type of water used for the test, the materials used, and the intrinsic heterogeneity of the specimens.
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spelling pubmed-103030102023-06-29 Adaptation of a Standard Method for Water Absorption Testing of Stone Materials: The Case of a Hydrophilic Protective Coating Búrdalo-Salcedo, Gabriel Rodríguez, Indira Fernández-Raga, María Fernández-Raga, Sagrario Rodríguez-Fernández, Carlos González-Domínguez, José Miguel Materials (Basel) Article The historical stone heritage that we inherit must be passed on to future generations, not only in the same conditions that we found it but, if possible, in better ones. Construction also demands better and more durable materials, often stone. The protection of these materials requires knowledge of the types of rocks and their physical properties. The characterization of these properties is often standardized to ensure the quality and reproducibility of the protocols. These must be approved by entities whose purpose is to improve the quality and competitiveness of companies and to protect the environment. Standardized water absorption tests could be envisaged to test the effectiveness of certain coatings in protecting natural stone against water penetration, but we found that some steps of these protocols neglect any surface modification of the stones, and hence may not be completely effective when a hydrophilic protective coating (i.e., graphene oxide) is present. In this work, we analyze the UNE 13755/2008 standard for water absorption and propose alternative steps to adapt the norm for use with coated stones. The properties of coated stones may invalidate the interpretation of the results if the standard protocol is applied as is, so here we pay special attention to the characteristics of the coating applied, the type of water used for the test, the materials used, and the intrinsic heterogeneity of the specimens. MDPI 2023-06-07 /pmc/articles/PMC10303010/ /pubmed/37374414 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma16124228 Text en © 2023 by the authors. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).
spellingShingle Article
Búrdalo-Salcedo, Gabriel
Rodríguez, Indira
Fernández-Raga, María
Fernández-Raga, Sagrario
Rodríguez-Fernández, Carlos
González-Domínguez, José Miguel
Adaptation of a Standard Method for Water Absorption Testing of Stone Materials: The Case of a Hydrophilic Protective Coating
title Adaptation of a Standard Method for Water Absorption Testing of Stone Materials: The Case of a Hydrophilic Protective Coating
title_full Adaptation of a Standard Method for Water Absorption Testing of Stone Materials: The Case of a Hydrophilic Protective Coating
title_fullStr Adaptation of a Standard Method for Water Absorption Testing of Stone Materials: The Case of a Hydrophilic Protective Coating
title_full_unstemmed Adaptation of a Standard Method for Water Absorption Testing of Stone Materials: The Case of a Hydrophilic Protective Coating
title_short Adaptation of a Standard Method for Water Absorption Testing of Stone Materials: The Case of a Hydrophilic Protective Coating
title_sort adaptation of a standard method for water absorption testing of stone materials: the case of a hydrophilic protective coating
topic Article
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10303010/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/37374414
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma16124228
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