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Adaptation of a Standard Method for Water Absorption Testing of Stone Materials: The Case of a Hydrophilic Protective Coating
The historical stone heritage that we inherit must be passed on to future generations, not only in the same conditions that we found it but, if possible, in better ones. Construction also demands better and more durable materials, often stone. The protection of these materials requires knowledge of...
Autores principales: | , , , , , |
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
Publicado: |
MDPI
2023
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Materias: | |
Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10303010/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/37374414 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma16124228 |
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author | Búrdalo-Salcedo, Gabriel Rodríguez, Indira Fernández-Raga, María Fernández-Raga, Sagrario Rodríguez-Fernández, Carlos González-Domínguez, José Miguel |
author_facet | Búrdalo-Salcedo, Gabriel Rodríguez, Indira Fernández-Raga, María Fernández-Raga, Sagrario Rodríguez-Fernández, Carlos González-Domínguez, José Miguel |
author_sort | Búrdalo-Salcedo, Gabriel |
collection | PubMed |
description | The historical stone heritage that we inherit must be passed on to future generations, not only in the same conditions that we found it but, if possible, in better ones. Construction also demands better and more durable materials, often stone. The protection of these materials requires knowledge of the types of rocks and their physical properties. The characterization of these properties is often standardized to ensure the quality and reproducibility of the protocols. These must be approved by entities whose purpose is to improve the quality and competitiveness of companies and to protect the environment. Standardized water absorption tests could be envisaged to test the effectiveness of certain coatings in protecting natural stone against water penetration, but we found that some steps of these protocols neglect any surface modification of the stones, and hence may not be completely effective when a hydrophilic protective coating (i.e., graphene oxide) is present. In this work, we analyze the UNE 13755/2008 standard for water absorption and propose alternative steps to adapt the norm for use with coated stones. The properties of coated stones may invalidate the interpretation of the results if the standard protocol is applied as is, so here we pay special attention to the characteristics of the coating applied, the type of water used for the test, the materials used, and the intrinsic heterogeneity of the specimens. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-10303010 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2023 |
publisher | MDPI |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-103030102023-06-29 Adaptation of a Standard Method for Water Absorption Testing of Stone Materials: The Case of a Hydrophilic Protective Coating Búrdalo-Salcedo, Gabriel Rodríguez, Indira Fernández-Raga, María Fernández-Raga, Sagrario Rodríguez-Fernández, Carlos González-Domínguez, José Miguel Materials (Basel) Article The historical stone heritage that we inherit must be passed on to future generations, not only in the same conditions that we found it but, if possible, in better ones. Construction also demands better and more durable materials, often stone. The protection of these materials requires knowledge of the types of rocks and their physical properties. The characterization of these properties is often standardized to ensure the quality and reproducibility of the protocols. These must be approved by entities whose purpose is to improve the quality and competitiveness of companies and to protect the environment. Standardized water absorption tests could be envisaged to test the effectiveness of certain coatings in protecting natural stone against water penetration, but we found that some steps of these protocols neglect any surface modification of the stones, and hence may not be completely effective when a hydrophilic protective coating (i.e., graphene oxide) is present. In this work, we analyze the UNE 13755/2008 standard for water absorption and propose alternative steps to adapt the norm for use with coated stones. The properties of coated stones may invalidate the interpretation of the results if the standard protocol is applied as is, so here we pay special attention to the characteristics of the coating applied, the type of water used for the test, the materials used, and the intrinsic heterogeneity of the specimens. MDPI 2023-06-07 /pmc/articles/PMC10303010/ /pubmed/37374414 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma16124228 Text en © 2023 by the authors. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/). |
spellingShingle | Article Búrdalo-Salcedo, Gabriel Rodríguez, Indira Fernández-Raga, María Fernández-Raga, Sagrario Rodríguez-Fernández, Carlos González-Domínguez, José Miguel Adaptation of a Standard Method for Water Absorption Testing of Stone Materials: The Case of a Hydrophilic Protective Coating |
title | Adaptation of a Standard Method for Water Absorption Testing of Stone Materials: The Case of a Hydrophilic Protective Coating |
title_full | Adaptation of a Standard Method for Water Absorption Testing of Stone Materials: The Case of a Hydrophilic Protective Coating |
title_fullStr | Adaptation of a Standard Method for Water Absorption Testing of Stone Materials: The Case of a Hydrophilic Protective Coating |
title_full_unstemmed | Adaptation of a Standard Method for Water Absorption Testing of Stone Materials: The Case of a Hydrophilic Protective Coating |
title_short | Adaptation of a Standard Method for Water Absorption Testing of Stone Materials: The Case of a Hydrophilic Protective Coating |
title_sort | adaptation of a standard method for water absorption testing of stone materials: the case of a hydrophilic protective coating |
topic | Article |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10303010/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/37374414 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma16124228 |
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