Effect of Microwave Irradiation on the Dielectric Characteristics of Semi-Conductive Nanoparticle-Based Nanofluids: Progress towards the Microwave Synthesis

Studies on dispersing nanoparticles in base fluid to elevate its essential and critical properties have evolved significantly in the recent decade. Alongside the conventional dispersion techniques used for nanofluid synthesis, microwave energy at 2.4 GHz frequency is irradiated onto the nanofluids is experimented with in this study. The effect of microwave irradiation on the electrical and thermal properties of semi-conductive nanofluids (SNF) is investigated and presented in this article. Titanium dioxide and zinc oxide are the semi-conductive nanoparticles used for this study to synthesize the SNF, viz., titania nanofluid (TNF) and zinc nanofluid (ZNF). Flash and fire points are the thermal properties verified, and dielectric breakdown strength, dielectric constant ([Formula: see text]), and dielectric dissipation factor (tan [Formula: see text]) are the electrical properties verified in this study. AC breakdown voltage (BDV) of TNF and ZNF is improved by 16.78% and 11.25%, respectively, more than SNFs prepared without microwave irradiation. Results justify that the synergetic effect of stirring, sonication, and microwave irradiation in a rational sequence (microwave synthesis) exhibited better electrical and unaltered thermal properties. This microwave-applied nanofluid synthesis could be a simple and effective route to prepare the SNF with improved electrical properties.