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Encapsulation of Thymol in Gelatin Methacryloyl (GelMa)-Based Nanoniosome Enables Enhanced Antibiofilm Activity and Wound Healing
Non-healing wounds impose huge cost on patients, healthcare, and society, which are further fortified by biofilm formation and antimicrobial resistance (AMR) problems. Here, Thymol, an herbal antimicrobial agent, is utilized to combat AMR. For efficient delivery of Thymol gelatin methacryloyl (GelMa...
Autores principales: | , , , , , , |
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
Publicado: |
MDPI
2023
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Materias: | |
Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10303142/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/37376147 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/pharmaceutics15061699 |
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author | Moghtaderi, Maryam Bazzazan, Saba Sorourian, Ghazal Sorourian, Maral Akhavanzanjani, Yasaman Noorbazargan, Hassan Ren, Qun |
author_facet | Moghtaderi, Maryam Bazzazan, Saba Sorourian, Ghazal Sorourian, Maral Akhavanzanjani, Yasaman Noorbazargan, Hassan Ren, Qun |
author_sort | Moghtaderi, Maryam |
collection | PubMed |
description | Non-healing wounds impose huge cost on patients, healthcare, and society, which are further fortified by biofilm formation and antimicrobial resistance (AMR) problems. Here, Thymol, an herbal antimicrobial agent, is utilized to combat AMR. For efficient delivery of Thymol gelatin methacryloyl (GelMa), a hydrophilic polymeric hydrogel with excellent biocompatibility combined with niosome was used to encapsulate Thymol. After optimization of the niosomal Thymol (Nio–Thymol) in the company of GelMa (Nio–Thymol@GelMa) to achieve maximum entrapment efficiency, minimum size, and low polydispersity index, the Thymol release peaked at 60% and 42% from Nio–Thymol@GelMa in medium with pH values of 6.5 and 7.4 after 72 h, respectively. Furthermore, Nio–Thymol@GelMa demonstrated higher antibacterial and anti-biofilm activity than Nio–Thymol and free Thymol against both Gram-negative and Gram-positive bacteria. Interestingly, compared with other obtained formulations, Nio–Thymol@GelMa also led to greater enhancement of migration of human dermal fibroblasts in vitro, and higher upregulation of the expression of certain growth factors such as FGF-1, and matrix metalloproteinases such as MMP-2 and MMP-13. These results suggest that Nio–Thymol@GelMa can represent a potential drug preparation for Thymol to enhance the wound healing process and antibacterial efficacy. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-10303142 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2023 |
publisher | MDPI |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-103031422023-06-29 Encapsulation of Thymol in Gelatin Methacryloyl (GelMa)-Based Nanoniosome Enables Enhanced Antibiofilm Activity and Wound Healing Moghtaderi, Maryam Bazzazan, Saba Sorourian, Ghazal Sorourian, Maral Akhavanzanjani, Yasaman Noorbazargan, Hassan Ren, Qun Pharmaceutics Article Non-healing wounds impose huge cost on patients, healthcare, and society, which are further fortified by biofilm formation and antimicrobial resistance (AMR) problems. Here, Thymol, an herbal antimicrobial agent, is utilized to combat AMR. For efficient delivery of Thymol gelatin methacryloyl (GelMa), a hydrophilic polymeric hydrogel with excellent biocompatibility combined with niosome was used to encapsulate Thymol. After optimization of the niosomal Thymol (Nio–Thymol) in the company of GelMa (Nio–Thymol@GelMa) to achieve maximum entrapment efficiency, minimum size, and low polydispersity index, the Thymol release peaked at 60% and 42% from Nio–Thymol@GelMa in medium with pH values of 6.5 and 7.4 after 72 h, respectively. Furthermore, Nio–Thymol@GelMa demonstrated higher antibacterial and anti-biofilm activity than Nio–Thymol and free Thymol against both Gram-negative and Gram-positive bacteria. Interestingly, compared with other obtained formulations, Nio–Thymol@GelMa also led to greater enhancement of migration of human dermal fibroblasts in vitro, and higher upregulation of the expression of certain growth factors such as FGF-1, and matrix metalloproteinases such as MMP-2 and MMP-13. These results suggest that Nio–Thymol@GelMa can represent a potential drug preparation for Thymol to enhance the wound healing process and antibacterial efficacy. MDPI 2023-06-09 /pmc/articles/PMC10303142/ /pubmed/37376147 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/pharmaceutics15061699 Text en © 2023 by the authors. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/). |
spellingShingle | Article Moghtaderi, Maryam Bazzazan, Saba Sorourian, Ghazal Sorourian, Maral Akhavanzanjani, Yasaman Noorbazargan, Hassan Ren, Qun Encapsulation of Thymol in Gelatin Methacryloyl (GelMa)-Based Nanoniosome Enables Enhanced Antibiofilm Activity and Wound Healing |
title | Encapsulation of Thymol in Gelatin Methacryloyl (GelMa)-Based Nanoniosome Enables Enhanced Antibiofilm Activity and Wound Healing |
title_full | Encapsulation of Thymol in Gelatin Methacryloyl (GelMa)-Based Nanoniosome Enables Enhanced Antibiofilm Activity and Wound Healing |
title_fullStr | Encapsulation of Thymol in Gelatin Methacryloyl (GelMa)-Based Nanoniosome Enables Enhanced Antibiofilm Activity and Wound Healing |
title_full_unstemmed | Encapsulation of Thymol in Gelatin Methacryloyl (GelMa)-Based Nanoniosome Enables Enhanced Antibiofilm Activity and Wound Healing |
title_short | Encapsulation of Thymol in Gelatin Methacryloyl (GelMa)-Based Nanoniosome Enables Enhanced Antibiofilm Activity and Wound Healing |
title_sort | encapsulation of thymol in gelatin methacryloyl (gelma)-based nanoniosome enables enhanced antibiofilm activity and wound healing |
topic | Article |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10303142/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/37376147 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/pharmaceutics15061699 |
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