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Microbiome-Related and Infection Control Approaches to Primary and Secondary Prevention of Clostridioides difficile Infections

Clostridioides difficile infections (CDIs) have decreased in the past years, but since 2021, some hospitals have reported an increase in CDI rates. CDI remains a global concern and has been identified as an urgent threat to healthcare. Although multiple treatment options are available, prevention st...

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Autores principales: McFarland, Lynne V., Goldstein, Ellie J. C., Kullar, Ravina
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: MDPI 2023
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10303462/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/37375036
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/microorganisms11061534
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author McFarland, Lynne V.
Goldstein, Ellie J. C.
Kullar, Ravina
author_facet McFarland, Lynne V.
Goldstein, Ellie J. C.
Kullar, Ravina
author_sort McFarland, Lynne V.
collection PubMed
description Clostridioides difficile infections (CDIs) have decreased in the past years, but since 2021, some hospitals have reported an increase in CDI rates. CDI remains a global concern and has been identified as an urgent threat to healthcare. Although multiple treatment options are available, prevention strategies are more limited. As CDI is an opportunistic infection that arises after the normally protective microbiome has been disrupted, preventive measures aimed at restoring the microbiome have been tested. Our aim is to update the present knowledge on these various preventive strategies published in the past five years (2018–2023) to guide clinicians and healthcare systems on how to best prevent CDI. A literature search was conducted using databases (PubMed, Google Scholar, and clinicaltrials.gov) for phase 2–3 clinical trials for the primary or secondary prevention of CDI and microbiome and probiotics. As the main factor for Clostridium difficile infections is the disruption of the normally protective intestinal microbiome, strategies aimed at restoring the microbiome seem most rational. Some strains of probiotics, the use of fecal microbial therapy, and live biotherapeutic products offer promise to fill this niche; although, more large randomized controlled trials are needed that document the shifts in the microbiome population.
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spelling pubmed-103034622023-06-29 Microbiome-Related and Infection Control Approaches to Primary and Secondary Prevention of Clostridioides difficile Infections McFarland, Lynne V. Goldstein, Ellie J. C. Kullar, Ravina Microorganisms Review Clostridioides difficile infections (CDIs) have decreased in the past years, but since 2021, some hospitals have reported an increase in CDI rates. CDI remains a global concern and has been identified as an urgent threat to healthcare. Although multiple treatment options are available, prevention strategies are more limited. As CDI is an opportunistic infection that arises after the normally protective microbiome has been disrupted, preventive measures aimed at restoring the microbiome have been tested. Our aim is to update the present knowledge on these various preventive strategies published in the past five years (2018–2023) to guide clinicians and healthcare systems on how to best prevent CDI. A literature search was conducted using databases (PubMed, Google Scholar, and clinicaltrials.gov) for phase 2–3 clinical trials for the primary or secondary prevention of CDI and microbiome and probiotics. As the main factor for Clostridium difficile infections is the disruption of the normally protective intestinal microbiome, strategies aimed at restoring the microbiome seem most rational. Some strains of probiotics, the use of fecal microbial therapy, and live biotherapeutic products offer promise to fill this niche; although, more large randomized controlled trials are needed that document the shifts in the microbiome population. MDPI 2023-06-09 /pmc/articles/PMC10303462/ /pubmed/37375036 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/microorganisms11061534 Text en © 2023 by the authors. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).
spellingShingle Review
McFarland, Lynne V.
Goldstein, Ellie J. C.
Kullar, Ravina
Microbiome-Related and Infection Control Approaches to Primary and Secondary Prevention of Clostridioides difficile Infections
title Microbiome-Related and Infection Control Approaches to Primary and Secondary Prevention of Clostridioides difficile Infections
title_full Microbiome-Related and Infection Control Approaches to Primary and Secondary Prevention of Clostridioides difficile Infections
title_fullStr Microbiome-Related and Infection Control Approaches to Primary and Secondary Prevention of Clostridioides difficile Infections
title_full_unstemmed Microbiome-Related and Infection Control Approaches to Primary and Secondary Prevention of Clostridioides difficile Infections
title_short Microbiome-Related and Infection Control Approaches to Primary and Secondary Prevention of Clostridioides difficile Infections
title_sort microbiome-related and infection control approaches to primary and secondary prevention of clostridioides difficile infections
topic Review
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10303462/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/37375036
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/microorganisms11061534
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