ExplaiNN: interpretable and transparent neural networks for genomics

Deep learning models such as convolutional neural networks (CNNs) excel in genomic tasks but lack interpretability. We introduce ExplaiNN, which combines the expressiveness of CNNs with the interpretability of linear models. ExplaiNN can predict TF binding, chromatin accessibility, and de novo motifs, achieving performance comparable to state-of-the-art methods. Its predictions are transparent, providing global (cell state level) as well as local (individual sequence level) biological insights into the data. ExplaiNN can serve as a plug-and-play platform for pretrained models and annotated position weight matrices. ExplaiNN aims to accelerate the adoption of deep learning in genomic sequence analysis by domain experts. SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION: The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s13059-023-02985-y.