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Non-Uniform Clustering Algorithm for UWSNs Based on Energy Equalization

Underwater sensor nodes are usually deployed by ships, aircraft, etc., in random drops, and there is current movement in the underwater environment, which results in an uneven distribution of sensor nodes and thus, different energy consumption in each area of the network. In addition, the underwater...

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Autores principales: Yi, Jinwang, Tang, Jie, Yuan, Fei, Qiao, Guanhao, Dai, Dongping
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: MDPI 2023
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10303990/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/37420633
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s23125466
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author Yi, Jinwang
Tang, Jie
Yuan, Fei
Qiao, Guanhao
Dai, Dongping
author_facet Yi, Jinwang
Tang, Jie
Yuan, Fei
Qiao, Guanhao
Dai, Dongping
author_sort Yi, Jinwang
collection PubMed
description Underwater sensor nodes are usually deployed by ships, aircraft, etc., in random drops, and there is current movement in the underwater environment, which results in an uneven distribution of sensor nodes and thus, different energy consumption in each area of the network. In addition, the underwater sensor network also has a “hot zone” problem. To address the uneven energy consumption of the network caused by the above problem, the non-uniform clustering algorithm for energy equalization is put forward. Considering the residual energy, density and coverage redundancy of nodes, this algorithm selects the cluster heads and makes them more reasonably distributed. Additionally, according to the selected cluster heads, the size of each cluster is designed to equalize the energy consumption of the network during multi-hop routing. In this process, the residual energy of cluster heads and the mobility of nodes are considered, and real-time maintenance is performed for each cluster. The simulation results demonstrate that the proposed algorithm is effective in prolonging the network lifetime and balancing the network energy consumption; moreover, the network coverage maintenance is better than that of other algorithms.
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spelling pubmed-103039902023-06-29 Non-Uniform Clustering Algorithm for UWSNs Based on Energy Equalization Yi, Jinwang Tang, Jie Yuan, Fei Qiao, Guanhao Dai, Dongping Sensors (Basel) Article Underwater sensor nodes are usually deployed by ships, aircraft, etc., in random drops, and there is current movement in the underwater environment, which results in an uneven distribution of sensor nodes and thus, different energy consumption in each area of the network. In addition, the underwater sensor network also has a “hot zone” problem. To address the uneven energy consumption of the network caused by the above problem, the non-uniform clustering algorithm for energy equalization is put forward. Considering the residual energy, density and coverage redundancy of nodes, this algorithm selects the cluster heads and makes them more reasonably distributed. Additionally, according to the selected cluster heads, the size of each cluster is designed to equalize the energy consumption of the network during multi-hop routing. In this process, the residual energy of cluster heads and the mobility of nodes are considered, and real-time maintenance is performed for each cluster. The simulation results demonstrate that the proposed algorithm is effective in prolonging the network lifetime and balancing the network energy consumption; moreover, the network coverage maintenance is better than that of other algorithms. MDPI 2023-06-09 /pmc/articles/PMC10303990/ /pubmed/37420633 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s23125466 Text en © 2023 by the authors. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).
spellingShingle Article
Yi, Jinwang
Tang, Jie
Yuan, Fei
Qiao, Guanhao
Dai, Dongping
Non-Uniform Clustering Algorithm for UWSNs Based on Energy Equalization
title Non-Uniform Clustering Algorithm for UWSNs Based on Energy Equalization
title_full Non-Uniform Clustering Algorithm for UWSNs Based on Energy Equalization
title_fullStr Non-Uniform Clustering Algorithm for UWSNs Based on Energy Equalization
title_full_unstemmed Non-Uniform Clustering Algorithm for UWSNs Based on Energy Equalization
title_short Non-Uniform Clustering Algorithm for UWSNs Based on Energy Equalization
title_sort non-uniform clustering algorithm for uwsns based on energy equalization
topic Article
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10303990/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/37420633
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s23125466
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