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Classification of Citrus Huanglongbing Degree Based on CBAM-MobileNetV2 and Transfer Learning

Citrus has become a pivotal industry for the rapid development of agriculture and increasing farmers’ incomes in the main production areas of southern China. Knowing how to diagnose and control citrus huanglongbing has always been a challenge for fruit farmers. To promptly recognize the diagnosis of...

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Detalles Bibliográficos
Autores principales: Dou, Shiqing, Wang, Lin, Fan, Donglin, Miao, Linlin, Yan, Jichi, He, Hongchang
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: MDPI 2023
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10303994/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/37420753
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s23125587
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author Dou, Shiqing
Wang, Lin
Fan, Donglin
Miao, Linlin
Yan, Jichi
He, Hongchang
author_facet Dou, Shiqing
Wang, Lin
Fan, Donglin
Miao, Linlin
Yan, Jichi
He, Hongchang
author_sort Dou, Shiqing
collection PubMed
description Citrus has become a pivotal industry for the rapid development of agriculture and increasing farmers’ incomes in the main production areas of southern China. Knowing how to diagnose and control citrus huanglongbing has always been a challenge for fruit farmers. To promptly recognize the diagnosis of citrus huanglongbing, a new classification model of citrus huanglongbing was established based on MobileNetV2 with a convolutional block attention module (CBAM-MobileNetV2) and transfer learning. First, the convolution features were extracted using convolution modules to capture high-level object-based information. Second, an attention module was utilized to capture interesting semantic information. Third, the convolution module and attention module were combined to fuse these two types of information. Last, a new fully connected layer and a softmax layer were established. The collected 751 citrus huanglongbing images, with sizes of 3648 × 2736, were divided into early, middle, and late leaf images with different disease degrees, and were enhanced to 6008 leaf images with sizes of 512 × 512, including 2360 early citrus huanglongbing images, 2024 middle citrus huanglongbing images, and 1624 late citrus huanglongbing images. In total, 80% and 20% of the collected citrus huanglongbing images were assigned to the training set and the test set, respectively. The effects of different transfer learning methods, different model training effects, and initial learning rates on model performance were analyzed. The results show that with the same model and initial learning rate, the transfer learning method of parameter fine tuning was obviously better than the transfer learning method of parameter freezing, and that the recognition accuracy of the test set improved by 1.02~13.6%. The recognition accuracy of the citrus huanglongbing image recognition model based on CBAM-MobileNetV2 and transfer learning was 98.75% at an initial learning rate of 0.001, and the loss value was 0.0748. The accuracy rates of the MobileNetV2, Xception, and InceptionV3 network models were 98.14%, 96.96%, and 97.55%, respectively, and the effect was not as significant as that of CBAM-MobileNetV2. Therefore, based on CBAM-MobileNetV2 and transfer learning, an image recognition model of citrus huanglongbing images with high recognition accuracy could be constructed.
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spelling pubmed-103039942023-06-29 Classification of Citrus Huanglongbing Degree Based on CBAM-MobileNetV2 and Transfer Learning Dou, Shiqing Wang, Lin Fan, Donglin Miao, Linlin Yan, Jichi He, Hongchang Sensors (Basel) Article Citrus has become a pivotal industry for the rapid development of agriculture and increasing farmers’ incomes in the main production areas of southern China. Knowing how to diagnose and control citrus huanglongbing has always been a challenge for fruit farmers. To promptly recognize the diagnosis of citrus huanglongbing, a new classification model of citrus huanglongbing was established based on MobileNetV2 with a convolutional block attention module (CBAM-MobileNetV2) and transfer learning. First, the convolution features were extracted using convolution modules to capture high-level object-based information. Second, an attention module was utilized to capture interesting semantic information. Third, the convolution module and attention module were combined to fuse these two types of information. Last, a new fully connected layer and a softmax layer were established. The collected 751 citrus huanglongbing images, with sizes of 3648 × 2736, were divided into early, middle, and late leaf images with different disease degrees, and were enhanced to 6008 leaf images with sizes of 512 × 512, including 2360 early citrus huanglongbing images, 2024 middle citrus huanglongbing images, and 1624 late citrus huanglongbing images. In total, 80% and 20% of the collected citrus huanglongbing images were assigned to the training set and the test set, respectively. The effects of different transfer learning methods, different model training effects, and initial learning rates on model performance were analyzed. The results show that with the same model and initial learning rate, the transfer learning method of parameter fine tuning was obviously better than the transfer learning method of parameter freezing, and that the recognition accuracy of the test set improved by 1.02~13.6%. The recognition accuracy of the citrus huanglongbing image recognition model based on CBAM-MobileNetV2 and transfer learning was 98.75% at an initial learning rate of 0.001, and the loss value was 0.0748. The accuracy rates of the MobileNetV2, Xception, and InceptionV3 network models were 98.14%, 96.96%, and 97.55%, respectively, and the effect was not as significant as that of CBAM-MobileNetV2. Therefore, based on CBAM-MobileNetV2 and transfer learning, an image recognition model of citrus huanglongbing images with high recognition accuracy could be constructed. MDPI 2023-06-14 /pmc/articles/PMC10303994/ /pubmed/37420753 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s23125587 Text en © 2023 by the authors. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).
spellingShingle Article
Dou, Shiqing
Wang, Lin
Fan, Donglin
Miao, Linlin
Yan, Jichi
He, Hongchang
Classification of Citrus Huanglongbing Degree Based on CBAM-MobileNetV2 and Transfer Learning
title Classification of Citrus Huanglongbing Degree Based on CBAM-MobileNetV2 and Transfer Learning
title_full Classification of Citrus Huanglongbing Degree Based on CBAM-MobileNetV2 and Transfer Learning
title_fullStr Classification of Citrus Huanglongbing Degree Based on CBAM-MobileNetV2 and Transfer Learning
title_full_unstemmed Classification of Citrus Huanglongbing Degree Based on CBAM-MobileNetV2 and Transfer Learning
title_short Classification of Citrus Huanglongbing Degree Based on CBAM-MobileNetV2 and Transfer Learning
title_sort classification of citrus huanglongbing degree based on cbam-mobilenetv2 and transfer learning
topic Article
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10303994/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/37420753
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s23125587
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