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Protective Effect of Citrus Medica limonum Essential Oil against Escherichia coli K99-Induced Intestinal Barrier Injury in Mice

Citrus Medica limonum essential oil (LEO) has been reported to have antibacterial and anti-inflammatory activities, but its protective effect in the intestine remains unknown. In this study, we researched the protective effects of LEO in relation to intestinal inflammation induced by E. coli K99. Th...

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Autores principales: Tang, Weixuan, Zhang, Zhuo, Nie, Dechao, Li, Yan, Liu, Shutian, Li, Yanling
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: MDPI 2023
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10304562/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/37375600
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nu15122697
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author Tang, Weixuan
Zhang, Zhuo
Nie, Dechao
Li, Yan
Liu, Shutian
Li, Yanling
author_facet Tang, Weixuan
Zhang, Zhuo
Nie, Dechao
Li, Yan
Liu, Shutian
Li, Yanling
author_sort Tang, Weixuan
collection PubMed
description Citrus Medica limonum essential oil (LEO) has been reported to have antibacterial and anti-inflammatory activities, but its protective effect in the intestine remains unknown. In this study, we researched the protective effects of LEO in relation to intestinal inflammation induced by E. coli K99. The mice were pretreated with 300, 600, and 1200 mg/kg LEO and then stimulated with E. coli K99. The results showed that E. coli K99 caused immune organ responses, intestinal tissue injury, and inflammation. LEO pretreatment dose-dependently alleviated these changes by maintaining a low index in the thymus and spleen and producing a high content of immunoglobulin A, G, and M (IgA, IgG, and IgM) and low content of tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), interleukin-1β (IL-1β), and interleukin-6 (IL-6). Intestinal integrity as a consequence of the LEO pretreatment may be related to the high mRNA expression of intestinal trefoil factor (ITF) and the low mRNA expression of transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF-β1). Conclusively, an LEO pretreatment can alleviate E. coli K99-induced diarrhea, immune organ response, and body inflammation in mice by reducing the levels of inflammatory cytokines and improving the levels of immunoglobulin, and the intestinal integrity remained highest when maintaining the high mRNA expression of ITF and keeping the mRNA expression of TGF-β1 low in the intestinal tissue.
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spelling pubmed-103045622023-06-29 Protective Effect of Citrus Medica limonum Essential Oil against Escherichia coli K99-Induced Intestinal Barrier Injury in Mice Tang, Weixuan Zhang, Zhuo Nie, Dechao Li, Yan Liu, Shutian Li, Yanling Nutrients Article Citrus Medica limonum essential oil (LEO) has been reported to have antibacterial and anti-inflammatory activities, but its protective effect in the intestine remains unknown. In this study, we researched the protective effects of LEO in relation to intestinal inflammation induced by E. coli K99. The mice were pretreated with 300, 600, and 1200 mg/kg LEO and then stimulated with E. coli K99. The results showed that E. coli K99 caused immune organ responses, intestinal tissue injury, and inflammation. LEO pretreatment dose-dependently alleviated these changes by maintaining a low index in the thymus and spleen and producing a high content of immunoglobulin A, G, and M (IgA, IgG, and IgM) and low content of tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), interleukin-1β (IL-1β), and interleukin-6 (IL-6). Intestinal integrity as a consequence of the LEO pretreatment may be related to the high mRNA expression of intestinal trefoil factor (ITF) and the low mRNA expression of transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF-β1). Conclusively, an LEO pretreatment can alleviate E. coli K99-induced diarrhea, immune organ response, and body inflammation in mice by reducing the levels of inflammatory cytokines and improving the levels of immunoglobulin, and the intestinal integrity remained highest when maintaining the high mRNA expression of ITF and keeping the mRNA expression of TGF-β1 low in the intestinal tissue. MDPI 2023-06-09 /pmc/articles/PMC10304562/ /pubmed/37375600 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nu15122697 Text en © 2023 by the authors. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).
spellingShingle Article
Tang, Weixuan
Zhang, Zhuo
Nie, Dechao
Li, Yan
Liu, Shutian
Li, Yanling
Protective Effect of Citrus Medica limonum Essential Oil against Escherichia coli K99-Induced Intestinal Barrier Injury in Mice
title Protective Effect of Citrus Medica limonum Essential Oil against Escherichia coli K99-Induced Intestinal Barrier Injury in Mice
title_full Protective Effect of Citrus Medica limonum Essential Oil against Escherichia coli K99-Induced Intestinal Barrier Injury in Mice
title_fullStr Protective Effect of Citrus Medica limonum Essential Oil against Escherichia coli K99-Induced Intestinal Barrier Injury in Mice
title_full_unstemmed Protective Effect of Citrus Medica limonum Essential Oil against Escherichia coli K99-Induced Intestinal Barrier Injury in Mice
title_short Protective Effect of Citrus Medica limonum Essential Oil against Escherichia coli K99-Induced Intestinal Barrier Injury in Mice
title_sort protective effect of citrus medica limonum essential oil against escherichia coli k99-induced intestinal barrier injury in mice
topic Article
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10304562/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/37375600
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nu15122697
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