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3D-Printed PLA Scaffold with Fibronectin Enhances In Vitro Osteogenesis
Background: Tricalcium phosphate (TCP, Molecular formula: Ca(3)(PO(4))(2)) is a hydrophilic bone graft biomaterial extensively used for guided bone regeneration (GBR). However, few studies have investigated 3D-printed polylactic acid (PLA) combined with the osteo-inductive molecule fibronectin (FN)...
Autores principales: | , , , , , , , |
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
Publicado: |
MDPI
2023
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Materias: | |
Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10305577/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/37376267 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/polym15122619 |
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author | Salamanca, Eisner Choy, Cheuk Sing Aung, Lwin Moe Tsao, Ting-Chia Wang, Pin-Han Lin, Wei-An Wu, Yi-Fan Chang, Wei-Jen |
author_facet | Salamanca, Eisner Choy, Cheuk Sing Aung, Lwin Moe Tsao, Ting-Chia Wang, Pin-Han Lin, Wei-An Wu, Yi-Fan Chang, Wei-Jen |
author_sort | Salamanca, Eisner |
collection | PubMed |
description | Background: Tricalcium phosphate (TCP, Molecular formula: Ca(3)(PO(4))(2)) is a hydrophilic bone graft biomaterial extensively used for guided bone regeneration (GBR). However, few studies have investigated 3D-printed polylactic acid (PLA) combined with the osteo-inductive molecule fibronectin (FN) for enhanced osteoblast performance in vitro, and specialized bone defect treatments. Aim: This study evaluated PLA properties and efficacy following glow discharge plasma (GDP) treatment and FN sputtering for fused deposition modeling (FDM) 3D printed PLA alloplastic bone grafts. Methods: 3D trabecular bone scaffolds (8 × 1 mm) were printed by the 3D printer (XYZ printing, Inc. 3D printer da Vinci Jr. 1.0 3-in-1). After printing PLA scaffolds, additional groups for FN grafting were continually prepared with GDP treatment. Material characterization and biocompatibility evaluations were investigated at 1, 3 and 5 days. Results: SEM images showed the human bone mimicking patterns, and EDS illustrated the increased C and O after fibronectin grafting, XPS and FTIR results together confirmed the presence of FN within PLA material. Degradation increased after 150 days due to FN presence. 3D immunofluorescence at 24 h demonstrated better cell spreading, and MTT assay results showed the highest proliferation with PLA and FN (p < 0.001). Cells cultured on the materials exhibited similar alkaline phosphatase (ALP) production. Relative quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) at 1 and 5 days revealed a mixed osteoblast gene expression pattern. Conclusion: In vitro observations over a period of five days, it was clear that PLA/FN 3D-printed alloplastic bone graft was more favorable for osteogenesis than PLA alone, thereby demonstrating great potential for applications in customized bone regeneration. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-10305577 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2023 |
publisher | MDPI |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-103055772023-06-29 3D-Printed PLA Scaffold with Fibronectin Enhances In Vitro Osteogenesis Salamanca, Eisner Choy, Cheuk Sing Aung, Lwin Moe Tsao, Ting-Chia Wang, Pin-Han Lin, Wei-An Wu, Yi-Fan Chang, Wei-Jen Polymers (Basel) Article Background: Tricalcium phosphate (TCP, Molecular formula: Ca(3)(PO(4))(2)) is a hydrophilic bone graft biomaterial extensively used for guided bone regeneration (GBR). However, few studies have investigated 3D-printed polylactic acid (PLA) combined with the osteo-inductive molecule fibronectin (FN) for enhanced osteoblast performance in vitro, and specialized bone defect treatments. Aim: This study evaluated PLA properties and efficacy following glow discharge plasma (GDP) treatment and FN sputtering for fused deposition modeling (FDM) 3D printed PLA alloplastic bone grafts. Methods: 3D trabecular bone scaffolds (8 × 1 mm) were printed by the 3D printer (XYZ printing, Inc. 3D printer da Vinci Jr. 1.0 3-in-1). After printing PLA scaffolds, additional groups for FN grafting were continually prepared with GDP treatment. Material characterization and biocompatibility evaluations were investigated at 1, 3 and 5 days. Results: SEM images showed the human bone mimicking patterns, and EDS illustrated the increased C and O after fibronectin grafting, XPS and FTIR results together confirmed the presence of FN within PLA material. Degradation increased after 150 days due to FN presence. 3D immunofluorescence at 24 h demonstrated better cell spreading, and MTT assay results showed the highest proliferation with PLA and FN (p < 0.001). Cells cultured on the materials exhibited similar alkaline phosphatase (ALP) production. Relative quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) at 1 and 5 days revealed a mixed osteoblast gene expression pattern. Conclusion: In vitro observations over a period of five days, it was clear that PLA/FN 3D-printed alloplastic bone graft was more favorable for osteogenesis than PLA alone, thereby demonstrating great potential for applications in customized bone regeneration. MDPI 2023-06-08 /pmc/articles/PMC10305577/ /pubmed/37376267 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/polym15122619 Text en © 2023 by the authors. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/). |
spellingShingle | Article Salamanca, Eisner Choy, Cheuk Sing Aung, Lwin Moe Tsao, Ting-Chia Wang, Pin-Han Lin, Wei-An Wu, Yi-Fan Chang, Wei-Jen 3D-Printed PLA Scaffold with Fibronectin Enhances In Vitro Osteogenesis |
title | 3D-Printed PLA Scaffold with Fibronectin Enhances In Vitro Osteogenesis |
title_full | 3D-Printed PLA Scaffold with Fibronectin Enhances In Vitro Osteogenesis |
title_fullStr | 3D-Printed PLA Scaffold with Fibronectin Enhances In Vitro Osteogenesis |
title_full_unstemmed | 3D-Printed PLA Scaffold with Fibronectin Enhances In Vitro Osteogenesis |
title_short | 3D-Printed PLA Scaffold with Fibronectin Enhances In Vitro Osteogenesis |
title_sort | 3d-printed pla scaffold with fibronectin enhances in vitro osteogenesis |
topic | Article |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10305577/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/37376267 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/polym15122619 |
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