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Research Progress of Aluminum Phosphate Adjuvants and Their Action Mechanisms

Although hundreds of different adjuvants have been tried, aluminum-containing adjuvants are by far the most widely used currently. It is worth mentioning that although aluminum-containing adjuvants have been commonly applied in vaccine production, their acting mechanism remains not completely clear....

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Autores principales: Zhang, Ting, He, Peng, Guo, Dejia, Chen, Kaixi, Hu, Zhongyu, Zou, Yening
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: MDPI 2023
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10305650/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/37376204
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/pharmaceutics15061756
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author Zhang, Ting
He, Peng
Guo, Dejia
Chen, Kaixi
Hu, Zhongyu
Zou, Yening
author_facet Zhang, Ting
He, Peng
Guo, Dejia
Chen, Kaixi
Hu, Zhongyu
Zou, Yening
author_sort Zhang, Ting
collection PubMed
description Although hundreds of different adjuvants have been tried, aluminum-containing adjuvants are by far the most widely used currently. It is worth mentioning that although aluminum-containing adjuvants have been commonly applied in vaccine production, their acting mechanism remains not completely clear. Thus far, researchers have proposed the following mechanisms: (1) depot effect, (2) phagocytosis, (3) activation of pro-inflammatory signaling pathway NLRP3, (4) host cell DNA release, and other mechanisms of action. Having an overview on recent studies to increase our comprehension on the mechanisms by which aluminum-containing adjuvants adsorb antigens and the effects of adsorption on antigen stability and immune response has become a mainstream research trend. Aluminum-containing adjuvants can enhance immune response through a variety of molecular pathways, but there are still significant challenges in designing effective immune-stimulating vaccine delivery systems with aluminum-containing adjuvants. At present, studies on the acting mechanism of aluminum-containing adjuvants mainly focus on aluminum hydroxide adjuvants. This review will take aluminum phosphate as a representative to discuss the immune stimulation mechanism of aluminum phosphate adjuvants and the differences between aluminum phosphate adjuvants and aluminum hydroxide adjuvants, as well as the research progress on the improvement of aluminum phosphate adjuvants (including the improvement of the adjuvant formula, nano-aluminum phosphate adjuvants and a first-grade composite adjuvant containing aluminum phosphate). Based on such related knowledge, determining optimal formulation to develop effective and safe aluminium-containing adjuvants for different vaccines will become more substantiated.
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spelling pubmed-103056502023-06-29 Research Progress of Aluminum Phosphate Adjuvants and Their Action Mechanisms Zhang, Ting He, Peng Guo, Dejia Chen, Kaixi Hu, Zhongyu Zou, Yening Pharmaceutics Review Although hundreds of different adjuvants have been tried, aluminum-containing adjuvants are by far the most widely used currently. It is worth mentioning that although aluminum-containing adjuvants have been commonly applied in vaccine production, their acting mechanism remains not completely clear. Thus far, researchers have proposed the following mechanisms: (1) depot effect, (2) phagocytosis, (3) activation of pro-inflammatory signaling pathway NLRP3, (4) host cell DNA release, and other mechanisms of action. Having an overview on recent studies to increase our comprehension on the mechanisms by which aluminum-containing adjuvants adsorb antigens and the effects of adsorption on antigen stability and immune response has become a mainstream research trend. Aluminum-containing adjuvants can enhance immune response through a variety of molecular pathways, but there are still significant challenges in designing effective immune-stimulating vaccine delivery systems with aluminum-containing adjuvants. At present, studies on the acting mechanism of aluminum-containing adjuvants mainly focus on aluminum hydroxide adjuvants. This review will take aluminum phosphate as a representative to discuss the immune stimulation mechanism of aluminum phosphate adjuvants and the differences between aluminum phosphate adjuvants and aluminum hydroxide adjuvants, as well as the research progress on the improvement of aluminum phosphate adjuvants (including the improvement of the adjuvant formula, nano-aluminum phosphate adjuvants and a first-grade composite adjuvant containing aluminum phosphate). Based on such related knowledge, determining optimal formulation to develop effective and safe aluminium-containing adjuvants for different vaccines will become more substantiated. MDPI 2023-06-17 /pmc/articles/PMC10305650/ /pubmed/37376204 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/pharmaceutics15061756 Text en © 2023 by the authors. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).
spellingShingle Review
Zhang, Ting
He, Peng
Guo, Dejia
Chen, Kaixi
Hu, Zhongyu
Zou, Yening
Research Progress of Aluminum Phosphate Adjuvants and Their Action Mechanisms
title Research Progress of Aluminum Phosphate Adjuvants and Their Action Mechanisms
title_full Research Progress of Aluminum Phosphate Adjuvants and Their Action Mechanisms
title_fullStr Research Progress of Aluminum Phosphate Adjuvants and Their Action Mechanisms
title_full_unstemmed Research Progress of Aluminum Phosphate Adjuvants and Their Action Mechanisms
title_short Research Progress of Aluminum Phosphate Adjuvants and Their Action Mechanisms
title_sort research progress of aluminum phosphate adjuvants and their action mechanisms
topic Review
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10305650/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/37376204
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/pharmaceutics15061756
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