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The effect of geographical variation in income measures on measles-mumps-rubella uptake and coverage in England; a protocol for an ecological study

Measles is a vaccine-preventable disease whose vaccine was introduced in England in 1988, however, Measles outbreaks have still been occurring in the country. Consequently, the World Health Organization (WHO) removed the elimination status of Measles in 2019 from England and the whole United Kingdom...

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Autores principales: Ghazal, Salma, Soyiri, Ireneous N.
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: Public Library of Science 2023
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10306216/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/37379282
http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0280008
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author Ghazal, Salma
Soyiri, Ireneous N.
author_facet Ghazal, Salma
Soyiri, Ireneous N.
author_sort Ghazal, Salma
collection PubMed
description Measles is a vaccine-preventable disease whose vaccine was introduced in England in 1988, however, Measles outbreaks have still been occurring in the country. Consequently, the World Health Organization (WHO) removed the elimination status of Measles in 2019 from England and the whole United Kingdom. Noticeably, MMR vaccination coverage in England is below the recommended threshold with geographical variations across local authorities (LA). The research into the effect of income disparities on MMR vaccine coverage was insufficiently examined. Therefore, an ecological study will be conducted aiming at determining whether there is a relationship between income deprivation measures and MMR vaccine coverage in upper-tier local authorities in England. This study will be using 2019 publicly available vaccination data for children who were eligible for the MMR vaccine by their second and fifth birthday in 2018/2019. The effect of spatial clustering of income level on vaccination coverage will also be assessed. Vaccination coverage data will be obtained from “Cover of Vaccination Evaluated Rapidly (COVER)”. Income deprivation score, Deprivation gap, and Income Deprivation Affecting Children Index will be obtained from Office for National Statistics and Moran’s Index will be generated using RStudio. Rural/urban LA classification and mothers’ education will be included as possible confounding factors. Additionally, the live births rate per mothers’ age group will be included as a proxy for the mothers’ age variation in different LA. Multiple linear regression will be used after testing the relevant assumptions, using SPSS software. Moran’s I together with income deprivation score will be analysed through regression and mediation analysis. This study will help in determining whether income level is a determinant of MMR vaccination uptake and coverage in LA in England which would help policymakers in designing targeted campaigns, thus preventing measles outbreaks in the future.
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spelling pubmed-103062162023-06-29 The effect of geographical variation in income measures on measles-mumps-rubella uptake and coverage in England; a protocol for an ecological study Ghazal, Salma Soyiri, Ireneous N. PLoS One Study Protocol Measles is a vaccine-preventable disease whose vaccine was introduced in England in 1988, however, Measles outbreaks have still been occurring in the country. Consequently, the World Health Organization (WHO) removed the elimination status of Measles in 2019 from England and the whole United Kingdom. Noticeably, MMR vaccination coverage in England is below the recommended threshold with geographical variations across local authorities (LA). The research into the effect of income disparities on MMR vaccine coverage was insufficiently examined. Therefore, an ecological study will be conducted aiming at determining whether there is a relationship between income deprivation measures and MMR vaccine coverage in upper-tier local authorities in England. This study will be using 2019 publicly available vaccination data for children who were eligible for the MMR vaccine by their second and fifth birthday in 2018/2019. The effect of spatial clustering of income level on vaccination coverage will also be assessed. Vaccination coverage data will be obtained from “Cover of Vaccination Evaluated Rapidly (COVER)”. Income deprivation score, Deprivation gap, and Income Deprivation Affecting Children Index will be obtained from Office for National Statistics and Moran’s Index will be generated using RStudio. Rural/urban LA classification and mothers’ education will be included as possible confounding factors. Additionally, the live births rate per mothers’ age group will be included as a proxy for the mothers’ age variation in different LA. Multiple linear regression will be used after testing the relevant assumptions, using SPSS software. Moran’s I together with income deprivation score will be analysed through regression and mediation analysis. This study will help in determining whether income level is a determinant of MMR vaccination uptake and coverage in LA in England which would help policymakers in designing targeted campaigns, thus preventing measles outbreaks in the future. Public Library of Science 2023-06-28 /pmc/articles/PMC10306216/ /pubmed/37379282 http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0280008 Text en © 2023 Ghazal, Soyiri https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/) , which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited.
spellingShingle Study Protocol
Ghazal, Salma
Soyiri, Ireneous N.
The effect of geographical variation in income measures on measles-mumps-rubella uptake and coverage in England; a protocol for an ecological study
title The effect of geographical variation in income measures on measles-mumps-rubella uptake and coverage in England; a protocol for an ecological study
title_full The effect of geographical variation in income measures on measles-mumps-rubella uptake and coverage in England; a protocol for an ecological study
title_fullStr The effect of geographical variation in income measures on measles-mumps-rubella uptake and coverage in England; a protocol for an ecological study
title_full_unstemmed The effect of geographical variation in income measures on measles-mumps-rubella uptake and coverage in England; a protocol for an ecological study
title_short The effect of geographical variation in income measures on measles-mumps-rubella uptake and coverage in England; a protocol for an ecological study
title_sort effect of geographical variation in income measures on measles-mumps-rubella uptake and coverage in england; a protocol for an ecological study
topic Study Protocol
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10306216/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/37379282
http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0280008
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