Aligning Semantic Interoperability Frameworks with the FOXS Stack for FAIR Health Data

Background FAIR Guiding Principles present a synergy with the use cases for digital health records, in that clinical data need to be found, accessible within a range of environments, and data must interoperate between systems and subsequently reused. The use of HL7 FHIR, openEHR, IHE XDS, and SNOMED CT (FOXS) together represents a specification to create an open digital health platform for modern health care applications. Objectives To describe where logical FOXS components align to the European Open Science Cloud Interoperability Framework (EOSC-IF) reference architecture for semantic interoperability. This should provide a means of defining if FOXS aligns to FAIR principles and to establish the data models and structures that support longitudinal care records as being fit to underpin scientific research. Methods The EOSC-IF Semantic View is a representation of semantic interoperability where meaning is preserved between systems and users. This was analyzed and cross-referenced with FOXS architectural components, mapping concepts, and objects that describe content such as catalogues and semantic artifacts. Results Majority of conceptual Semantic View components were featured within the FOXS architecture. Semantic Business Objects are composed of a range of elements such as openEHR archetypes and templates, FHIR resources and profiles, SNOMED CT concepts, and XDS document identifiers. Semantic Functional Content comprises catalogues of metadata that were also supported by openEHR and FHIR tools. Conclusions Despite some elements of EOSC-IF being vague (e.g., FAIR Digital Object), there was a broad conformance to the framework concepts and the components of a FOXS platform. This work supports a health-domain-specific view of semantic interoperability and how this may be achieved to support FAIR data for health research via a standardized framework.